SUPPI.KMEXT. 



SCIENCE AND ART OF AGRICULTURE. 



1319 



informs us (June 22. 1843 ) that the demand for this machine is from 150 to 200 annually. For the first 

 two or three years after he invented it, he did not make above 2 or 3 annually. 



8194.— 2711. CroiskiU's liquid manure cart (Jig. 1 1 59. ) holds about 200 gallons. The body a, is made 

 of cast iron ; there is a brass valve lever,/, by which the liquid can be let out by the iron spout c, upon 



the spreading board d, and a patent iron 

 pump b, which cannot easily choke or get 

 out of order, with a flexible leather pipe 

 c, 7 feet long, with a 3 feut copier pipe at 

 the end for drawing up the liquid from the 

 manure tank. Altogether this seems an 

 excellent machine. The price delivered 

 in Hull is 25/. Dean's liquid manure cart 

 figured in Johnson's Agr. Imp., p. 32., ap- 

 pears also to be a very excellent machine : 

 cost, complete, 38/. 



8195 2711. A cheap and useful water- 

 cart is thus described by Mr. Donaldson in 

 the Farmer's Magazine, vol. viii. p. 81.: 

 — A barrel, holding 100 to 200 gallons, is 

 placed on a pair of wheels and shafts in 

 the usual way. A pump, three inches in 

 diameter, is placed close by the side of the 

 barrel ; and to the under end of the pump is made fast a leather pipe of indefinite length, with a rose 

 copper end, and in the pipe small copper or tin rings are placed, two inches distant, to prevent the ex- 

 ternal air from pressing together the sides of the pipe, and thus excluding the water. The cart being 

 placed on the bank of a river, brook, or pond, and the pipe thrown into the water with the rose end 

 immersed, a man will pump 150 gallons in ten minutes, without the trouble of having a road into the 

 bottom of the river, and with the great advantage of the horse standing dry, and not plunged into three 

 feet of cold water on a winter day, in the usual way of filling by ladle and standish. A stop-cock is 

 fixed behind for discharging the water. When the cart is travelling, the leather pipe lies over the 

 barrel, fastened by two iron catches. The barrel being filled, and driven to the place required, the 

 leather pipe is immersed in the barrel by a hole in the top, sufficient to admit the rose end. A small 

 iron rod screws down by the side of the piston rod, upon the upper valve, and shuts in fast. A rising 

 main, with a check valve, is opened between the two buckets in the pump, upon which is screwed fast 

 a leather pipe with a copper tube on the end. One man directing this pipe, and another pumping, con- 

 verts the cart into a sort of fire engine, thar may be very useful in cases of emergency, throwing the 

 water forty feet horizontally, and over any house of two stories, any haystack or corn-rick ; it is also 

 very useful for garden walls and fruit trees. By increasing the size of the barrel, and by applying more 

 power, a very sufficient engine may be made, and answering other purposes at the same time. 



8196 2731. Mann's reaping machine w .as invented in 1820, but neglected till 1826, when it was im- 

 proved ; and in 1832 it was exhibited at an agricultural meeting at Kelso. It differs from Bell's reaping 

 machine in being drawn instead of being pushed, and in depositing the corn in a continuous swathe 

 nearly at right angles with the line of direction, and on the side opposite to the standing corn, Both 

 these are advantages which we hope will not be lost sight of by the mechanist who may at some future 

 time make such a reaping machine as shall come into general use. An engraving, with descriptive details, 

 of Mann's reaping machine will be found in the Quart. Jour. Agr., vol. iv. p. 250. 



8197. 2752. Crosskilis improved Scotch cart is made entirely of iron, and is peculiarly adapted for hot 



climates; with narrow iron wheels, having the tire 1\ in. wide, by £ in. deep, the cost is only 12/. The 

 cart made of wood, in the usual manner, costs 10/. 10s. 



8198 2756. An improved corn and hay cart is exhibited in Jig. 1160., and is in general use in the 



1 1 neighbourhood of Alloa. The advantages 



are, " great simplicity of structure, and, what 

 constitutes its chief excellence, the load takes 

 its full breadth at the very commencement, 

 by which the centre of gravity of the load is 

 brought lower than in either the common 

 corn-cart, or the dung-cart with top-frame, 

 whereby a greater degree of stability and 

 safety against the risk of upsetting is ac- 

 quired, and a greater facility of loading. 

 Another advantage may be pointed out, in 

 the case with which it is converted into a cart 

 for the conveyance of timber, by simply unbolting the frame from the shafts, and in its place laying two 

 single cross bars, one before, and another behind the wheels." ( Trans. H. S., vol. xi. p. 396.) 



8199 —2773 The construction of thrc.-hing machines is everywhere very imperfect, even in Scotland, 

 where 'thev were first invented, and where machines of the largest power, impelled by water or steam, are 

 erected at' great expense. The editor of the Quarterly Journal of Agriculture has the follow ing judi- 

 cious observations on this subject: — "Were threshing machines constructed on correct and unerring 

 nrincinles like the machinery of a timepiece or of a steam-engine, or even of a flour-mill, the advan- 

 tage to the farmer would not only appear in the shape of cleaner threshed straw, and of economy ol tore 

 and labour but the millwright himself would derive great advantage in the certain possession of materials, 

 which would enable him to erect threshing machines that would suit the particular localities in which 

 thev were to be placed. There is no way of arriving at this perfection, but by the institution of experi- 

 ments to ascertain what mav be the simplest construction of the Hireling machine, and the best mode of 

 anmving the least quantity of moving power to execute the desired work satisfactorily. 1 hese desiderata 

 would produce the advantage of threshing the corn at the least cost. Threshing machines are of so durable 

 a nature that thev are not often renewed ; but for that very reason they should be constructed in the 

 best manner at first. A set of patterns could be made from the results of these experiments, and lent 

 out to those makers in the country who could grant security that they would only erect machines which 

 were conformable to these patterns. In the course of time the country would be stored with efficient and 

 easily moved threshing machines. The ill-judged desire of the farmer to have a machine that will not 

 cost much monev often leads the millwright to adopt expedients in its construction which he is conscious 

 are not suited td work well together. This is one reason, among many others, to prove the propriety of 

 fand"o ds erectVng threshing machines at their own expense, upon their farm-stead.ngs and o giving 

 the tenants the ufe of the mills, as well as the steadings, and of obliging them to keep the machines in 

 remir as in the ca-e of the buildings." (Quart. Jour. Agr., vol. ill. p. 9*0.) 

 1Z The hre'funglnachine at IVynnstay. the seat of Sir Wa.kin tfilliams Wynn, Bart., is considered 

 one of the most complete in Britain. It was erected by the late Mr John (. adst.me, of tastle DoucUs 

 Kirkcudbrightshire, about the year 1812. This machine separates the corn from the straw and del . ers 

 both straw and corn into their proper places, without the assistance of manual labour, with the exception 

 of feeding The site of the mill is on a declivity, and the barn has three floors or stones ; fee upper- 

 most of which opens into the stack-vard, making it very convenient for carrying in the sheaves : the 

 Tecond one contains the first winnowing machine ; with a chaff-house, partitioned ofT under the *Ulr and 



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