I :',<; 



KN( Vci.oiM.DiA OF AGRICULTURE. 



SUPPLEMENT. 



division of them, while the man is in the ad of feeding the other. Tins is Important, as the quieter cattle 

 are kepi the better, quietneu being, no doubt, euential to quick fattening. 



8249. A commodious straw-chamber is obtained over the byre, ill a connected range with the straw or 



bay chamber out the (table : 

 the roof, which is of consi- 

 derable width, serving the 

 double purpose of covering 

 the I. eding bj re. and of con- 

 taining a very large quantity 

 of straw immediately over it'. 

 Racks are placed over the se- 

 veral stalls, which are tilled 

 from the Btraw-cbambei 

 above. By this arrangement, 

 the cattle have it in tie Ir 

 power to cat straw and tui- 

 nips alternately, if inclined. 

 The access to the straw- 

 chambers over the byre and 

 stables is by a stair, which is 

 common to both ; and upon 

 the plate (first landing-place) 

 of this stair is placed a door, 

 which divides the stable from 

 the feeding-byre; the upper 

 (light of the stair is under- 

 stood to be a hanging one, 

 having a useful space under it 

 for holding the byre; imple- 

 ments. By the whole arrange- 

 ment much labour in feeding 

 and attending the cattle will 

 be saved. 



8250. The stabling (c, /) 

 consists of ten stalls, three of 

 which are separated from the 

 general farm stable, but are 

 so situated as to admit of the 

 racks being supplied from the 

 general straw or hay cham- 

 ber over the common farm 

 stable. They are understood 

 to have two sets of racks ; the 

 upper are for hay or straw, 

 and the under one for grass. 



i7, Platform forming the upper part of the 

 roof of the feeding-shea. 



6, Ventilators to the stables. 



c, Ventilators to the byres. 



d, Inclined plane between turnip boxes. 



e, Racks for hay or corn. 



Although the under racks appear the most natural for the horses to eat from, it is found that the] do 

 not eat the straw or hay so clean out of them, as they do out of the upper racks ; but these under racks 

 are the most convenient for the grass, as it should always be put in from the stall below, without pass- 

 ing through the hay-chamber ; being, in its damp state, very hurtful to the wood floor above. Part of 

 the three-stall stable is set apart for a mare and foal. 



8251. The turnip-shed (f), adjoining the feeding-byre, is also conveniently situated for supplying the 

 cattle in the straw-yard ; and, as it is not required for turnips in summer, it may be used for and serve 

 the double purpose of a turnip-house and a grass-house. 



8252. Ventilators. The cow-byres have ventilators placed over each line of heads; these cross the 

 ridge, and are formed of lead of a triangular figure ; the sill piece being overlapped by the- sides far 

 enough to prevent the rain from getting in. (See c in fig. 1173.) 



82^3 7V. i ■ caff-house and ward, and the cow-byres (c, d), which fall under the class of offices more 

 immediately connected with the farm-house, have doors facing the kitchen-court, which makes the access 

 to them convenient and clean. The opposite doors are used for driving out the cattle, and for wheeling 

 the manure into the straw-yard. The causewayed court, in front of the byres, besides being convenient 

 for carting in the turnips, affords space for the cows to move about in, or to stand in for a short time ; 

 and. as the cattle always dung when they are driven out, by allowing them to remain for a lew minutes 

 in this passage or court, tin; manure, that might otherwise be wasted on the roads, is preserved, and 

 thrown into the straw-yard. 



8254. The several drams leading from the byres, stables, and straw-yard, have such declivities as are 

 sufficient to discharge the liquid manure into the tank, which is constructed on one side of the straw- 

 yard in a central situation for the byres, stables, &c. It is thirty feet long, three feet broad, and seven feet 

 deep ; and, if the nature of the soil be porous, it should be plastered with Roman cement, to prevent the 

 thin liquid manure from escaping. Being of this long and narrow figure, the tank can easily be covered 

 with flagstones, which are much cheaper than arching, and take up less space. The drains should have 

 hole- litted with cast-iron plugs, placed about fifteen feet apart ; so that at these openings a jointed rod 

 lilteen feet long could be put into the drain, with a hoe, or a piece of plate iron the shape of the drain, 

 fixed to the one end of it. By these means the drains may be cleaned without breaking up any part of 

 the causeway ; but. if the drains are properly constructed, they will not require cleaning for several years. 

 They should have a fall, towards the tank, of at least four inches to the ten feet, and be nine inches wide, 

 six Inches deep at the sides, anil nine inches in the centre. By having this kind of triangular bottom, 

 Hie smallest quantity makes a current, and forces everything along with it. The drains through the 

 straw-yard should have openings with grates (z z) over them, situated in the lowest part of the straw- 

 yard, to draw. .11 the surplus water after heavy falls oi rain or snow. When these drains are not required, 

 the grates may be easily covered over with dung; and if, at anv time, the manure is found too dry, 

 movable spouts may be attached to the pump which is placed in" the tank, by which means the liquid 

 manure can be regularly spread over the whole straw-yard. A waste drain extends from the tank to an 

 open ditch near the buildings ; by which means, the liquid manure in the tank, if neglected, is carried olf 

 when it rises to that level, and is thus prevented from injuring the drains. 



8255, The cattle sheds • />). from their situation, face the south, which is of great advantage to the cattle, 

 though often overlooked in laying out farm buildings, and they are divided in the centre by a passage 



adjoining the turnip-shed, and opposite the straw -h. .use. This "passage rise- like an inclined plane four 



feet from a to b : the sides >>r paparets may be of wood, two inches thick (which forms a back to the 



turnip boxes), and be four feet in height, forming a fence to both yards. All the manure from the feed- 

 ing-byre and stable is wheeled into the straw-yards by this passage; which, from its central situation, ad- 

 mits oi the stable dung being equally distributed through both yards, and this by the rising passage can 

 b. An]*,- w ii iiinit opening a door, which prevents the one class of cattle from intermingling with the other, 

 or getting out. Straw racks (// // // h) are placed in the sheds ; but, by also having them in the centre 



