LESSON XXXIV 



ANGIOSPERMS 



To this group belong all the commoner herbs and shrubs 

 as well as trees other than Gymnosperms, such as palms, 

 oaks, elms, beeches, poplars, &c. There are two sub- 

 divisions of the group which must be mentioned, because 

 of the necessity of referring to them later on : they are the 

 Dicotyledons^ so called because of the presence of two coty- 

 ledons or seed-leaves in the phyllula, and the Monocotyledons ^ 

 in which only a single seed-leaf is present. Among Dico- 

 tyledons are included the large majority of wild and garden 

 flowers, as well as most of the angiospermous trees : the 

 best known Monocotyledons are the lilies and their allies, 

 the various kinds of narcissus, orchids, grasses, and palms. 



The general relations of the main parts of the plant — 

 stem, root, leaves, &c. — are the same as in Gymnosperms, as 

 may be seen by comparing a wallflower, an elm, a poplar, 

 and a lily, taken as examples of dicotyledonous herbs, of 

 dicotyledonous trees, and of Monocotyledons respectively. 

 In the lily, however, as in Monocotyledons generally, there 

 is no primary root, but a great number of equal-sized root- 

 fibres springing from the base of the stem. 



In Dicotyledons the arrangement of the tissues is the 

 same as in Gymnosperms (p. 448) : the vascular bundles 



