500 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



Primordial utricle, 196, 207 



PrOOtOdSB'um (n-puxTot, the anus : oiaiot, 

 belonging to a way), and ectodermal 

 jHjuch winch unites with the enteron and 

 forms the posterior end of the enteric 

 canal, its external aperture being the 

 permanent anus, 296 



Pro-nucleus, female, 259, 459 : male, 

 260, 459 : conjugation of male and fe- 

 male, 260, 459 



Prostom lum (irpo, before : (TTOjuiOf, a little 

 mouth), the first or pre-oral segment in 

 worms, itc, 268, 293 



PROT AMCEBA (irpirot, first : a/LioiPos, 

 <haiii;iiie), 9 (Figure). 



ProthallUS (n-po, before : floAAd?, a twig), 

 the gamobium of vascular plants : — Fern, 

 42s : dimorphism of in F.quisetum, 438 ; 

 reduction of in Salviiiia, 440, 442 ; 

 Selaginella, 444, and Gymnosperms, 458 ; 

 retarded development of in Angiosperms, 

 47f> 



ProthallUS, secondary', Selaginella, 445 



Prot elds (irpairot, first), composition of, 5 



Protista (Trp<ort<rTO«, the first of all), the 

 lowest organisms, intermediate between 

 the lowest undoubted animals and plants, 

 182 



ProtOCOC'CUS(»rp<iTOt, first: KOKXof, berry). 

 See M miatococcus. 



PROTOMTX A (irpiros, first : fivfa, 

 mucus) : Figure, 50 : occurrence and 

 general characters, 49 : life-history, 51 : 

 animal or plant? 181 



Protonenia(irpa)Tos, first: f^fxo, a thread), 



Moss, .,,M, 408 



Protoplasm (Trpirot, first : trAao-^a, any- 

 thing moulded), composition of, 5 : pro- 

 perties of, 5 : micro-chemical tests for, 

 7 : minute structure of, 62 : continuity 

 of in Fern, 418 : in Polygordius, 28^ : 

 intra- and extra-capsular, Radiolaria, 

 152 



Protopodlte (»rpa>TO«, first: irous foot), 323 



Protozoa, the, 305 



Prox'lmai (proximus, nearest), the end 

 nearest the point of attachment or or- 

 ganic base, e.g. in the stalk of Vorticella, 

 126 



Pseud'Opod (i^evfi^?, false : TTOU?, foot), 

 described, 4 : comparison of with cilium, 

 34,52: in columnar epithelium, 59: in 

 endoderm cells of Hydra, 228 



PterlS. See Ferns. 



Punctum vegetatlonls. See Growing 

 point. 



Putrefaction (putrefacio, to make rotten) 

 nature of, 82 : a process of fermentation, 

 91 : conditions of temperature, moisture, 

 &c., 93 



Putres'cent (putresco, to grow rotten) 

 solution, characters of, 37, 82 



Putresclble infusion, sterilization of, 99 



Pyloric division. See Stomach. 



Pyren'Old (jrvpTJi', the stone of stone-fruit : 

 elAot form), a small mass of proteid 

 material invested by starch, 27 



Radial symmetry, starfish, 306 

 RADIOLAR lA {radius, a spoke or ray):— 

 Figures, 152, 153: occurrence and 

 general characters, 152 : central capsule, 

 152 : intra- and extra-cap.sular pro- 

 toplasm, 152 : silicious skeleton, 152 : 

 symbiotic relations with Zooxanthella. 



„ 154 . 



Rect'um (intestinum rectum, the straight 



gut), the posterior or anal division of the 



enteric canal, 278 

 Redl, Francisco (Italian savant), experi' 



mt'iits on l)iogenesis, 97 



Reducing division, 256, 260 

 Reflex action, 286 



Reproduction, nec^essity for, 19 



Reproductive organ. See Gonad. 

 Reservoir of contractile vacuole, Euglena, 



47 

 Respiration : — Amoeba, 17 : Polygordius, 



280 

 Respiratory CBBca, Starfish, 308 

 Rhlzoid (piV^n, root :fl6o«, form):— Nitella, 



205, 21 1 : Moss, 403 : prothallus of Fern, 



423. 430 

 Root, Fern, 421, 427 : Gymnosperms, 448 

 Root-cap, 422 

 Root-hairs, 421 

 Ross, Alexander, on abiogenetic origin of 



mice, insects, Sic, 96 

 Rostrum {ri'striiDi, beak), 321 

 Rotation of prijloiilasm, 207 



Rudiment, rudimentary (rndimcntum, a 

 beginning), the early stage of a part or 

 organ : often used for a structure which 

 has undergone partial atrophy, but in 

 such cases the word vestige (q. v.) is 

 more suitable. 



SACCHAROMT'CES (aditxaijov, sugar : 

 liVKTii, fungus): — Figure, 72 : occurrence, 

 71 : structure, 71 : budding, 73 : in- 

 ternal fission, 74 : nutrition, 75 : alco- 

 holic fermentation cau.sed by, 75 : experi- 

 ments on nutrition of, 78, 80 : animal 

 or plant? 182 



SAliVlN'IA : — Figures, 439, 441: general 

 characters, 438 : mega- and micro-spor- 

 angia and spores, 440 : male and female 

 prothalli and gonads, 442 : development 

 and alternation of generations, 442 



Saprophytic (trairpoi, putrid : (fivrov, a 

 plant) nutrition, defined, 39 



Schulze'S solution, test for cellulose, 28 : 

 for lignin, 416 



