INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



SOI 



Scleren'cbyma (o-kAtjpo?, hard : eyxviJM 

 infusion) : — Moss, 402 : Fern, 413, 416 



Scyllium. See Dogfish. 



Secretion {secretus, separate), nature of, 

 227 : formation of cell-wall a process of, 



'4 

 Seed, formation and germination of, 459, 



476 

 Segment i^egmentuvt, a piece cut off), in 



plants a node together with the next 



proximal internode, 205 : in animals the 



name is variously applied. See Meta- 



mere, Podomere. 

 Segment'al cell: Nitella, 210: Moss, 



403 : p'ern. 418 

 Segmentation, metameric. See Meta- 



mere. 

 SELAGINELL'A (<r<Aay««, to shine):— 



Figures, 443, 445 ; general characters, 



442 : cone, sporangia, and spores, 444 : 



prothalli and gonads, 444 : development 



and alternation of generations, 446 

 Self-fertilization, applied to the sexual 



process when the gametes spring from 



the same individual, 199 

 Sep'als (separ, separate), the outer or 



proximal perianth-leaves in the flower of 



Angiosperms, 464, 468 

 Sep'tum {septum, a barrier) :— In Peni- 



cillium, 187 : in Polygordius, 277 : 



development of, 301 

 Seta (seta, a bristle), 287 

 Sex-cells, primitive, 353: origin of in 



Hydroids, 245 : in Polygordius, 290 

 Sexual differentiation, illustrated by 



Vaucheria, 172: by Spirogyra, ip9 

 Sexual generation. See Gamobmm. 

 Sdxual reproduction, nature of, 42 



Shell, Mussel, 350 



Shoot, in pl.ints, an axis of the second or 



any higher order with its leaves, 206 

 Sieve-tubes and plates, 418 

 Sinus (sinus, a hollow) in Crayfish, a 



spacious cavity containing blood, 338 

 Sinus venosus, 384 

 Siphons, in- and ex-halant, 349 

 Skeleton. See Endo- and Exo-skeleton. 

 SkuU, Dogfish, 374 

 Slime-fungi, See, Mycetozoa. 

 Solid aggregate, 203 

 Somat'lc (o-u^a, the body), applied to the 



layer of mesoderm which is in contact 



with the ectoderm and with it forms the 



body-wall, 275 

 Sor'US (truipot, a heap), an aggregation of 



sporangia, 422, 440 

 Species (species, a kind), meaning of term 



illustrated, 8, 137; definition of, 139: 



origin of, 141 



Specific characters, specific name, 8, 139 



Specialized, meaning of, 140 



Sperm (o-Trepfia, seed), the male or micro- 

 gamete in its highest stage of differentia- 

 tion : structure and development of, 255 : 



see also under the various types, and 

 especially Vaucheria, 173 



Spermatozo id, spermatozoon (trirep/uia, 

 seed : ^wov, animal, from the actively 

 moving sperms of animals having been 

 supf)osed to be parasites), synonyms of 

 sperm. 



Spermary (<Tirtpiia, seed), the male gonad 

 or sperm-producing organ : see under the 

 various types, and especially Vaucheria, 

 172 



Sperm'idUOt (a-irtpua, seed : (^uco, to lead), 

 a tube conveying the sperm from the 

 spermary to the exterior, 292 



Spermatogen'esiS (airipiia, seed ; yivtan, 

 origin), the development of a sperm from 

 a primitive sex-cell, 254 (Figure) 



Spinal cord, Dogfish, 391 



Spiral vessel. See Vessel. 



SPIRILLUM(i//V<i, a coil) 86, 88 (Figure) 



SPIROGYRA (spit a, a coil : gyrus, a revo- 

 tion) : — Figure, 195: occurrence and 

 general characters, 194 : microscopic 

 structure, 194 : growth, 197 : conjugation, 

 198 : development, 200 : nutrition, 200 



Splanoh'niC (trnkayxvov, intestine or vis- 

 cus), applied to the layer of mesoderm 

 which IS in contact with the endoderm 

 and with it forms the enteric canal, 275 



Spontaneous generation. See Abio- 

 genesis. 



Sporan'gium (<nropa, seed : iyytlov, a 

 ves-sel), a spore-case: — Mucor, 160 : Vau- 

 cheria, 171 : Fern, 422. See also Mega- 

 and Micro-sporangium. 



Spore ((TTTopa, a seed), an asexual repro- 

 ductive cell : see under the various types 

 and especially Heteromita, 42 : Saccna- 

 romyces, 74 : Bacteria, 8<) : vitality of 

 in Bacteria, 99, loi : Penicillium, 189 : 

 Moss, 407 : Fern, 423. See al.so ^lega- 

 and Micro-spore. 



Sporogon'ium <riropa .seed : yoi-os, pro- 

 duction), the agamobmmofa moss, 407 



Spor'ophyll (<rwopa, seed : i^vAAot', leaf), 

 a sporangium-bearing leaf : — Equisetum, 

 436 : Selaginella, 444 : Gymnosperms, 

 454i 455 • Angiosperms, 466, 471 



Stamen (stamen, a thread), a male sporo- 

 phyll, 454, 456, 466 



Starch, composition and properties of, 27 



STARFISH :— Figures, 307-317 : general 

 characters, 305-310 : radial symmetry, 

 306 : tube-feet and ambulacral system, 

 3°7> 313 • exoskeleton, 310 : nervous 

 system, 315 : reproduction and develop- 

 ment, 315-317 



Stem, structure of : — Moss, 402 ; Fern, 413 : 

 Gymnosperms, 448 : Monocotyledons, 

 462 



Sterig'ma (o-r^pty^xa, a support) : Penicil- 

 lium, 188 ; Agaricus, 133 



Sterilization of putrescible infusions, 99- 



