LfricA. TliUH he slutos, 'I led 2,2fU men ncrosM luMitili- I'liyoro' on an pxptidition tnt«ncl< 



the All)«rl Nynnztt. Aguiii, when lie h-nves NvaiiK*'' "" hi« linnl ex[M-<liti<in <lowii .■ 



uahibtt, lie Htiirtti with a luMly of TiOO ti>;htiiig men. TIiuh witli u larger military forct; than 



litliHrto employed, and making a deU'rminrd uho of it, Mr ^jUtllley hus c<mduct(xl m L'i-..L'iiii.lil, ,il 



kid ocroHN the middle of Africa, which Iiiim led him int«j Hcenea of hloodHhed i 



Cginning at the Victoria N'yanza, and not ending until he arrived in the neighli<>». ..•^-, .., .... 



YeHtern Coast. (TIum achievement untloul)t«)dly placeH Mr Stanley in the foremowt rank of 



African discoverers and (>nsurex to him a hardly-earned and la*ting fume'.] The queittion will 



Bodoiiht lie hotly discusstsi how far a private individual, travelling a^ a newHpajKjrcorriwpondent, 



hii.s a right to u.s.sume such a warlike attitude, and to force his way through native trilws 



regardless of their rights, whaUiver thoi«« may be. A man wh" d<>e« so acts in detinnce of the 



laws that are supf>osc<i to hind private indi\i<lual». He assumes privilegtw, and punixheH 



with death the natives who op[)08e his way. He voluntarily i .'-If into a jsjsition from 



whiih there is no escape, except hy l>attle and hltHslshed; an<l it ih a i|Upstion, which we shull 



not argue here, whether such conduct does not come under the head of tilihustoring. Nation* 



u-e alxjve laws, and may and do decide what expi^litionn they may care to launch, but the 



cutumiition of such a right of private individuals is certainly open to abuse, and seenui hard to 



Icfeml. It is impossible to .sjwak of Mr StAiiley's journey without noticing this exceptional 



character of it. At the sjinie time it is not our present object to discuss the morality of his 



proceedings, but to occupy ourselves with his discoveries, which arc unquestionably of the 



iiigliest geograpliii-al importance, and may lead to consecpiences in comparison with which the 



clcjith of a few hiin<lred barl)arian8, ever ready to fight and kill, and many of whom are professed 



cannilmls, will perhaps be regarded ns a small matter'." 



Ciiilton iit'.xt pioceedK to discuss Stanley's jreo^rapliical discoveries in 

 jlatioii to those of Schweinfurth and of Haitli. Then he turns to the trade 

 jroducts of Africa and its means of transport. Under the latter heading 

 le certainly did not anticipate the modern railway developments nor the 

 ipid increa.se in mineral and agricultural exports. The general sense of 

 lis papers seems to be that the trade is scarcely worth the Euro|>ean'8 

 ^hile and is best undertaken by the Arab. But the most valuable and 

 iteresting part of the paper which indicates surely the change which 

 iad occurred in Galton's outlook — his advance towards anthropology — is 

 the long account he gives of the physical and mental characters of the 

 negro. His judgment is not favourable : 



"By picking and choosing out of a multitude of negroes, we could obtain a very decent body 

 of labt>urers and artiziins; hut if we took the same number of them just as they came, without 

 any process of .selection, their productive power, whether as regards the r<>sults of toilsome 

 labour or of manual dexterity, would be very small." (p. 180.) 



"Leaving for a moment out of consideration the combative, marauding, cruel and supersti- 

 tious parts of his nature, and all that is connected with the satisfaction of his gro8s«ir Inxlily 

 needs, his supreme happiness consists in idling and in gossip, in palavers and in |>etty marketa. 



le has no high aspirations He lo.ses more of that which is of value to him in conse<juencc 



of his lalx)ur than he gains by what his labour pnxluces. He has little care for those object* 

 of luxury or for that aesthetic life which men of a more highly endowed race lalxtur hard to attain. 

 ^is coarse pleasures, vigorous physique, and indolent moods, as compare<l with tho-se of Euro{ieali8, 

 »r some analogy to the corresponding qualities in the .African huflalo, long since acclimati.-«<«l 



Italy, as compared with those of the cattle of Europe. Most of us have obwrved in the 



In (Jalton's own copy these words are enclosed with an ink lx)rder and against them is 

 irritten "an editorial in.sertion— not mine. F. O." Thus does the smaller intelligence, e«iiting 

 the broader mind, make nonsense of Galton's meaning. If "liarabbas was a publisher," of a 

 •urety the railing malefactor was an interpolating e<iitorI 



' Were it not for the 'perhaps' we might suspect the last few lines to be another editorial 

 Linterpolation. 



