Transition Sfu/lic-it 36 



e.g. incrcurial horizoiiH, thermometers and l)aromc>terH, the binoculnr jflawMW, 

 stt'ol and Htylographif pouH ; the jirngtcsH in clothing', ttaiinel, |)eiw-<' i 



inacintoHhuH; progress in preserved ((mmIh; progress in the jternon 

 e(hicated classes are physically better developed, wiiich (ialton attrihutvs to 

 their leading healthi«'r lives, owing to the heavy eating aiifl drinkin;.' 

 ceaseil, to the Ix^tter ventilated hedrooiiis and prop«<r holidays. L^i 

 notes the greater ease and cniickness with which an explorer can reach the 

 start ing-ponit of his wanderuigs. The idea - '>(\ in the last ^' 



prohahly led Gallon to what, 1 think, was his I.I i ihution to geogi , 1 



science. In the same year' he constructed an "isochronic passage chart for 

 travellers." Ft consists of a map of the world on Mereator's proj«iction indi- 

 cating hy live colours in two shades the number of days re(|uired to reach 

 from London all parts of the world. The map might easily be a little more 

 detailed as the unit of time ten <lays is rather large, e.xtending from 

 Loniloii to Jerusalem, Peru, and llanunerfost, but not ue it noted in those 

 days to New York. A similar map nmde to-day would he of much interest, 

 es|)ecially in view of the great development in forty years of trans-continentul 

 railways and fast steamship.s. (Jalton took, as his authorities, time tables 

 of steamship companies and railways, with public and private post-office 



Information. 

 It cannot be denied by those who study (ialton's memoirs on geography 

 ihat they mark a continuous development. He remains to the end keeii on 

 he mechanical 'dodges' and graphical artilices which had delighted the boy 

 A Atwooil's' and the youth at Cand)ridge\ but travel for novelty soon 

 tecame for him travel for a knowledge of physical environment; m this 

 stage Oalton was a pure geographer, l)ut then very rapidly the important 

 |)art of this environment became for him its relation to man and (Jalton, 

 without realising the full meaning of the change, had passed from the 

 L,^t'ographer to the anthropologist*. Even by the 'seventies' geography 

 iiad become a secondary study. 



The last of Galton's writings that touches on exploration was his graceful 

 prefiice to W. PI Oswell's William Cotton Osivell, Hunter and Exjt/orer of 

 I'JOO. In tills Galton claims justice for Oswell as the Hint explorer to reach 

 Lake N^ami; Livingstone simply went with Oswell and Murray as a guest, 

 but Livingstone's later fame and Gswell's reticence led to a retrosj)ective 

 cre<lit being given to the former for this firat great journey. 



C. CLIMATE 

 Parallel with Galton's geographical research we find a correlated study — 

 that of meteorology. The services he rendered to this science have been only 

 occasionally recognised at their full value, an«l much that he has suggested 

 would bo worthy of reconsideration and adaptation to the m<xlern state of 

 meteorological knowledge. 



' "On the Construction of iKochronii- Pushiij;*' Charta," Britxnh AmiK-itituin Hrporl, 1881, 

 pp. 740-41; Roy. (le.uj. Soc. J'roc. ISSI, pp. t3.'J7-r)8. ' Vol. i, p. 77. ' Vol. I. p. 148. 



* A very valuHlilo loltor of Oalton'.s, lulvooatiiig tlie ftilt'<]iiatt< rcprpsontftfion of (I. ' v 



and Anthropology in the 'Proposed Imperial Institutes,' will be found in the Tinm, (» 

 1886 (p. 8). 



5— a 



