Karhj Anllin>i>otoyirnl RrHairchtu 79 



you may marry a woman of gifte<l stock and fertile parents also. an«l yi-X 

 nave no need to ask the 'Senior Trustee of the Kndowment Fund' to main- 

 tain and educate children, if they are denied you. There are not oidy the 

 phyaical and mental, hut the physioloj^ical harmonieH to l>o coimidcred and 

 of thesti the 'Senior Trustee' does not i^ive us a hint. In later years Cialtnn 

 inoditied his views; he would, I think, have heen content to grade physicallv 

 and mentally mankind, and have ur^ed that marriatje within your own grade 

 was a religious duty for those of high grade or cjuste. 



In the second part of his paper (ialton adils a number of interesting con- 

 siderations and meets j)rohahle criticisms. Thus he starts with the statement 

 that out of a hundred sons of men highly distinguished in the open profes- 

 sions eight are found to have rivalled tlunr fathers in eminence'. But (ialton 

 considers that the mother has in most of these causes heen selected 'at hap- 

 hazard.' He Joints out that, where even both parents are of eminence, it 

 would ho absurd to expect their children to be on the average eoual to them 

 in natural endowment, because beyond the parents they would necessarily 

 have nuich 'mongrel' ancestry. 



" No one, I think," lie writes, "can doubt, from the facts and analogies 1 have hruught forwartl, 



[that if talented men were mated with tilented women of the same mental and pliysical characters 



'as theniselve.t, generation after generation, we might pnxluce a highly-bre<l human race, with 



no more tendency to revert to meaner ancestral typis than is shown by our long eiitahlishod 



Ibreeds of race-horses and fox-hounds." (p. 319.) 



In this pa.ssage we see Galton feeling towards the effect of (what I later 

 termed) 'as.sortative mating,' and pointmg to the 'mongrelism' of previous 

 ancestry as the true source of his own 'law of regression.' 



(Jalton next indicates that while marriage within the like intellectual 



grade would tend to differentiate society int.o two grades or ciustes objection 



nay be raised that it would not tend to elevate society as a whole*. He 



suggests that (what I have later termed) 'repro(hictive selection' woidd or 



shouhl be culled into pluy. In the Hrst place natural selection, he considers, 



would powerfidly assist in the substitution of the higher caste A for the 



lower caste B by pressing heavily on the minority of weakly and inc]ipa})le 



.^^^ men. He did not at that time seem to have recognised that, while in the 



j^fc 'sixties the fertilities of the two castes were — what they no longer are — very 



nearly e(jual, the whole coin-se of modern social evolution has been to 



I ^^ suspend the action of natural selection. Galton did see, however, that a 

 ^■dif!erential fertility has to be brought about, and he suggested that if 

 intermarriage between A and B be looked upon with strong di.ssipproval, so 



I 



the early marriage of A and the discouragement or postponement of that of 

 Ji would be "agencies amply sutticient to eliminate B in a few generations." 



' I am not clear that Galton here accurately expresses the result deducible from his figures. 

 1 cannot find that he has allowed for size of adult family — at most say an average of 2J sonii. 

 If so, then we ought to say out of the 100 sons of distinguished men a little over three on the 

 average would Ih> distinguished, which statement would still 1h> ample to prove (lalton's jximt 



' It would tend to produce more and sti-onger leaders for the nation which adopted it, w In. Ii 



I after all may be more important than elevating society as a whole, especially if we lay atreM on 

 r 



