PhotiKjraphir Resfarchen and Portraiture 



325 



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To conclude our consideration of this matter we must give some account 

 of tlio tmhlished papere of 1906 and 1907, and of Galton's unpublished ideas 

 as to "ulurrers." 



I deal first with the paper of 1907'. Galton writes: 



"It will 1k) hIiowii that it is mny U> MoxiconiHo' j>«>rtrHiU by arninj(iiij{ tin' Mifa«iircni<'ritM 

 Ixitwooii A f«w pairH of thcim ptiintH [Htniidardised or caniinal {loinlHJ in nuiiu'ricul ortlor, on the 

 Haiiio [irinciple that wonls apo lexiconisMl in diutiunarieH in alphaliotical onliT, and to define 

 facial jM'fuliiirities with ({rraU-r oxiwtnesH than inij^ht have Int^n «>x|»ected." (|). CI 7.) 



The cardinal points st^lected by (Jalton iire (c) the tip of the chin (^xw/o/t/o/t). 

 (/i) the tip of the nose, ( /) the hollow between nose and brow {nasion), (m) 

 tlu' hollow U'tween upjuM- lip and nose, {/) tip of lower and (») tip of upper 

 lip. None of these are really points but vaguely limited regions, and (ialton 

 proceeds to define them more closely. A tangent to chin and njisal hollow 

 )'}' is drawn, a line Y' V parallel to this to touch the nose is then drawn, 

 and finally a tangent to nose and chin intersects }'Fand }'')'' in jxjints C 

 and N, which give the first two cardinal points. A line drawn from N tan- 

 gential to the nasal hollow gives F hy intersection with YY, and tangents 



Diagram viii. 



to the region m from N and G intersect in the cardinal point M. To obtain 

 the upper lip point U we draw a tangent parallel to CF to touch u and a 

 tangent to touch n from N, their intersection is U. Similarly we di-aw a 

 tangent to / parallel to CF and to I through C and their point of inter- 

 section is L. Galton foinid that the position of the six ovrdinal points F, C, 

 N, M, U, L, when reduced to a common scale in which CF represented 100 

 units or "cents'," was sufiicient to "lexiconise" profiles. The processes might 



' "Claswification of Portraits," NcUure, Vol. Lxxvi, pp. 617-18, October 17, 1907. 



'' A "cent" on the mean profile for a life-sized adult portrait ia about 1*25 mm. or j'j incli. 



