370 Life and Letters of France Galton 



The Record of Family Faculties and the offer of prizes supplied Galton 

 with the material upou which to work for the next five yeare, and tli< 

 resulting memoirs and his book Natiuxd Inheritance of 188'J will be dis 

 cii88e<l in a later chapter. When Galton came to distributing the priz' 

 money he had offered, he was in some difficulty as to measuring relative valu( 

 and Anally i»ssigned forty £7 and forty-five .f5 prizes, so that eighty-ti\ . 

 com|)etitors shared the .£505. The awards were made on June 24, 1884, and 

 were published in the Times, NaUire, British Medicaid ou rnal and Guanlian. 

 Of the returns it is of interest to note that 70 were made by men, 80 by 

 women ; (i) 20, or rather fewer, concerned titled persons and the landed gentry 

 from (ii) Army and Navy, (iii) Church (various denominations), (iv) La\\ 

 (v) Medicine, (vi) Commerce (higher), (vii) Commerce (lower) there wei. 

 110 returns in all. The remaining twenty were from land agents, farmers, 

 artisans, literary men, schoolmasters, clerks, students, and one domestic 

 servant — a fairly representative collection. The original records were returnee 1 

 by Galton to their authors after he had made statistical abstnicts. 



E. THE ANTHHOPOMETUIG LABORATORY {continued) 



We have already indicated the labour Galton gave to the construction ol' 

 instruments for this laboratory and described some of the psychometric an<1 

 other measurements he took. We have further discussed the paper on tli' 

 "Outfit for an Anthropometric Laboratory" which he drew up in conjunction 

 with the late Professor Croom-Kobei-tson and privately circulated (.see om 

 p. 212). Other jjapers actually deal with the instruments and measurement 

 made at the first Anthropometric Laboratory (International Health Exhilii 

 tion). The first is a ])enny pamphlet of some fourteen pages, "Issued l)y 

 Autliority ," and intended to be sold to visitors to the Exhibition. It is entitled : 

 "Anthropometric Lalwnitory arranged by Francis Galton, F.ll.S., for the l)c 

 termination of Height, Weight, Span, Breathing Power, Strength of Pull and 

 Squeeze, Quickness of Blow, Hearing, Seeing, Colour Sense, and other Personal 

 Data. The Lalx)ratory is situated in the East Corridor Annexe, Entrance from 

 South Gallery. Admission to the Lalwratoiy 3(/.,for which a schedule filled 

 up with the above details will Ije furnished. London, William Clowes and 

 Sons. International Health Exhibition, 1884." The pamphlet describes tin 

 purpose of the Laboratory, namely to show to the public the great simplicity 

 of the instruments and methods by which anthropometric mejisurementa 

 are taken. It then states what measurements are taken and how they ar< 

 taken. It further indicates two uses of such meai^urements, namely (i) tin 

 personal use, to ascertain whether the growth u\ child or youth is j)rocee(l 

 mg normally, and to draw attention to defects with a view to their being 

 remedied; and (ii) the statistical use, to discover the efficiency of a nation 

 as a whole and of its seveiul parts, and the direction in which it is changing 

 whether for better or worse. Galton then notes the need there is for .i 

 more systematic r^istration of physical measurements. 



