i 9 4 THE WHEAT PLANT 



Young shoots, erect ; young leaves pubescent ; the blades of the culm leaves 

 less pubescent and a yellow-green tint ; lower leaf-sheaths pink ; auricles 

 glabrous or with a few long hairs only. 



Straw, very short, rarely more than 60 cm. (23-24 inches) long. 



Ears, short, 6-7 cm. long, on non-irrigated land ; flat, never glaucous, but a 

 characteristic yellow-green colour becoming white or pinkish, like some glabrous 

 forms of T. hermonis. 



Rachis very fragile, thin, fringed along its edges with short hairs ; frontal 

 tufts short. Spikelets 16-20 ; 10-12 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, containing one 

 or two pale reddish flinty grains ; D = about 30 ; awns 9-12 cm. long. 



Empty glume, 10 mm. long, narrow, 2-5-3 mm. across, keeled, apex more or 

 less truncate with a short blunt apical tooth ; secondary tooth and nerve distinct. 



Grain, pale reddish, flinty, 9-10 mm. long, 3 mm. broad. 



2. Indian Emmer ; Khapli (Fig. 128). This variety, sometimes erroneously 

 described as T. Spelta, is grown in the Central Provinces, Madras, Bombay, 

 and Mysore. It agrees in all its characters with Abyssinian Emmer, and the 

 two forms I have no doubt have had a common origin. 



SECTION B. Tenaces. Rachis more or less tough. 

 Ear bearded ; glumes white, glabrous ; awns white ; grain red. 



T. dicoccum, var. uncinatum, mihi. 



An early variety received from Abyssinia under the name Nach Sinde. 

 Two forms appeared, viz. : 



1. FORM i (2, Fig. 131). 



Young shoots, erect ; young leaves pubescent. 



Straw, slender, short, solid or hollow with thick walls. 



Ear, 5-9 cm. long, square, 10 mm. across the sides ; spikelets 14-20, some- 

 times 3-grained ; D = about 25 ; awns slender, 3-5 cm. long. 



Empty glume, 8-9 mm. long, keeled, apical tooth strong, curved inwards (i, 

 Fig. 125). 



Grain, flinty or semi-flinty, compressed laterally with prominent dorsal 

 hump ; apex bluntish ; " brush " short, 6-5-7-4 mm. long, 2-6-3-3 mm. 

 broad, 2-9-4 mm. thick. 



2. FORM 2. An early variety received from Abyssinia in a sample of the 

 violet-grained var. Arraseita (see below), from which it differs only in the colour 

 of its grain. 



Young shoots, erect ; young leaves pubescent. 



Straw, short, slender, 56-66 cm. (about 22 inches) long, upper internode 

 hollow with thick walls. 



Ear, slender, 8-9 cm. long, square, 10-1 1 mm. across the sides ; spikelets 23 ; 

 D = 3i ; awns 10-13 cm. long (Ear type, Fig. 130). 



Empty glume, 9-10 mm. long, apical tooth narrow, straight or slightly curved, 

 acute (2 and 3, Fig. 125). 



Grain, flinty, with pointed apex 8-8-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, 3-6 mm. 

 thick. 



