202 THE WHEAT PLANT 



T. amyleum, K., Metzger. Eur. Cer. 32 (1824) ; Landw. Pfl. i. 117 h. (1841). 

 T. amyleum, Ser., Krause. Getr. Heft V. 3 PI. I. A. B. (1837). 



Black Emmer (3, Fig. 133). A common representative of this variety is 

 Black Winter Emmer, a very late form, the ears of which do not escape from 

 the upper sheath until about June 20 at Reading. 



Kornicke states it is of African origin, and Heuze says it is believed to have 

 come from Abyssinia. 



Although much more hardy it yields less grain than the white-chaffed forms 

 of var. farrum. 



Small plots of Black Winter Emmer appear to be grown in France and 

 Germany. 



It was introduced from France in 1904 into the United States, where it is 

 sometimes grown as food for stock in place of oats and barley. 



Young shoots, prostrate in winter and early spring. 



Straw, of medium height to tall, about 102-115 cm. (40-46 inches) long. 



Ear, very dense and flat, broad at the base, tapering towards the apex ; 7-8 

 cm. long, about i6 cm. broad, with 26-28 spikelets ; D=46. The spikelets 

 are 10-12 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, each with two small reddish-yellow, opaque, 

 mealy grains 6-7 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad. 



Empty glume, 9-10 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, bluish-black or brownish with 

 a glaucous hue and clothed with fine hairs, the colour of the hidden portions 

 of the flowering glumes being a pale reddish-white. The keel terminates in a 

 short bluntish tooth (n, Fig. 125). 



The awns of the flowering glume are slender and brownish, those of the 

 lower flower of the spikelet being 8-9 cm. long, those of the upper flower 3-4 

 cm. long. 



Grain, red, mealy, pointed at both ends, with prominent dorsal ridge ; 8-3 

 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick. 



Ear branched, bearded ; awns long ; glumes blue-black, pubescent. 



T. dicoccum, var. melanurum, Korn. Handb. d. Getr. i. 91 (1885). 



T. amyleum, L., Metzger. Eur. Cer. 35 (1825) '> Landw. Pfl. i. 118 bb. (1841). 



T. vulgare melanura, Alef. Landw. Fl. 333 (1866). 



The ear is slightly branched or bears only double spikelets at the notches on 

 the lower half of the rachis. Some of the ears are simple but produce branched 

 examples when their grain is sown. Metzger states that the variety is the 

 branched form of the Black Winter Emmer (var. atratum), but Kornicke found 

 that the simple ears differed somewhat from the latter. 



Ear beardless ; glumes white, glabrous. 



T. dicoccum, var. inerme, Korn. Arch. f. Biontologie, Bd. ii-4o8 (1908). 



Discovered by Kornicke in the Botanic Garden at Poppelsdorf, and derived 

 from var. semicanum. It differs from typical T. dicoccum in having ears broader 

 across the face than across the 2-rowed side. 



