MACARONI WHEAT 221 



Grain, flinty, with prominent dorsal ridge, 8-5 mm. long, 3-3 mm. broad, 

 3-6 mm. thick. 



4. Punjab 2. 



Straw, of medium height, 77-97 cm. (36-38 inches) high. 



Ear, long, lax, compressed, 8-10 cm. long, 8-10 mm. across the face, 12 mm. 

 across the side ; spikelets 22-24 > D =30-34 ; awns 14-15 cm. long (Ear types : 

 i, Fig. 141 ; 2, Fig. 143). 



Empty glume, 8-9 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, with short, blunt, apical tooth 

 (Form 12, Fig. 138). 



Grain, long, narrow, flinty, with prominent, dorsal ridge ; 8-3 mm. long, 3-3 

 mm. broad, 3-2 mm. thick. 



In some seasons this form has pale awns and is then confused with var. 

 fastnosum. 



Ear bearded ; glumes red, glabrous ; awns red ; grain -white. 



T. durum, var. hordeiforme, Korn. Handb. d. Getr. i. 71 (1885). 



One of the most widely distributed varieties of T. durum, especially common 

 in Russia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece, and Asia Minor. It occurs also in India, 

 Egypt, the North African Coast, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, but is rare in the 

 three latter countries. 



The Macaroni Wheats usually grown in the United States belong to this 

 variety. 



Four general types of ear are found, namely : 



a. An elongated, narrow form about 10 cm. long, square in section, about 

 10 mm. across the sides ; awns 15-18 cm. long (2, Fig. 141). 



b. A similar form with ears 7-8 cm. long ; awns 15-18 cm. long, and stout 

 (2, Fig. 142). 



c. A shorter, denser form, 7-9 cm. long, square in section, 10-12 mm. across 

 the sides ; awns 13-15 cm. long (Figs. 143, 144). 



d. A short, much compressed form, 6-8 cm. long, 8-10 mm. across the face, 

 and 15-20 mm. across the side ; awns 12-14 cm. long (2, Fig. 144). 



1. Most of the " Kathias " of India are forms with narrow ears, stout, very 

 long awns (Ear type 2, Fig. 142), and narrow, strongly keeled, empty glumes 

 (n, Fig. 138, and 2, Fig. 142). The upper internodes are almost solid. They 

 are not far removed from the Indian T. dicoccum. 



2. Several spring forms received from Spain and Portugal and showing 

 affinities with T. vulgare or T. turgidum have the following characters : 



Young shoots, erect ; young leaves more or less hairy. 



Straw, of medium height, 45-100 cm. (38-40 inches) high ; upper internode 

 solid or hollow with thick walls. 



Ear, long, lax, and narrow, 10-12 cm. long, square, 10-11 mm. across the 

 sides ; spikelets 24-27, 3-grained ; = 24-26 ; awns 12-14 cm. long (Ear type 

 2, Fig. 141). 



Empty glume, short and somewhat inflated, 8 mm. long ; apical tooth -5-1 

 mm. long (n, Fig. 138). 



