222 THE WHEAT PLANT 



Grain, semi-flinty, with high dorsal ridge ; 8-8-3 mm - l n g> 3'3~3'6 mm. 

 broad, 3-6-3-85 mm. thick. 



3. Kubanka. This is the common form of var. hordeiforme grown in the 

 Kuban territory, South Russia, and now introduced into most countries where 

 Macaroni Wheats are cultivated ; most Russian Arnautka forms are similar to 

 this. 



Young shoots, semi-erect or prostrate ; young leaves glabrous. 



Straw, very tall, 140 cm. (about 55 inches) long ; upper internode hollow. 



Ear, lax, 9-10 cm. long, square 10-11 mm. across the sides ; spikelets 24, 

 2- to 3 -grained ; = 24-27 ; awns 13-15 cm. long (Ear type i, Fig. 142). 



Empty glume, 9 mm. long ; apical tooth acute, 1-1-5 mm - l n g ( J o, Fig. 138). 



Grain, flinty, sometimes opaque, 7-5-8 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, 3-4-3-6 

 mm. thick. 



4. Bieloturka ( = White Turkish). Autumn or spring forms received from 

 Russia, Greece, Turkey, and Spain ; these closely resemble the forms named 

 Kubanka, but have shorter and somewhat denser ears. 



Young shoots, semi-erect ; young leaves glabrous. 



Straw, of medium height, 95-100 cm. (38-40 inches) high ; upper internode 

 hollow, with thick walls. 



Ear, 6-8 cm. long, often tapered towards the apex, square, 10-12 mm. across 

 the sides ; spikelets 22-25, 3-grained ; = 29-32 ; awns 12-14 cm. long (Ear 

 type i, Fig. 144). 



Empty glume, 8-9 mm. long, apical tooth broad and blunt, i mm. long (u, 

 Fig. 138). 



Grain, flinty or semi-flinty, usually plump with bluntish apex ; 7-6 mm. long, 

 3-5 mm. broad, 3-3 mm. thick. 



Several forms, chiefly received from Russia under the names Bieloturka 

 and Arnovka, possess rough or slightly pubescent leaves and suggest a relation- 

 ship with T. turgidum or T. vulgar e. 



5. Spring form received from Russia and Greece and from Spain under the 

 name Bieloturka. Slightly taller than the previous winter form, with denser 

 ears (0 = 33-36). 



6. Forms from Turkey and Asia Minor under the names Sari Bashak, Sari 

 Sakij, and Kizil Bogdai have the following characters : 



Ear, short, dense, compressed, 6-7-5 cm - ^ on g> 6-9 mm. across the face, 14-16 

 mm. across the side ; spikelets 20-25 ; = 33-36 ; awns 12-14 cm. long (Ear 

 type 2, Fig. 144). 



Empty glume, about 10 mm. long, flattened, with acute, apical tooth (8, Fig. 



Grain, flinty, long, and narrow, 7-5-8 mm. long, 2-5-3 mm - broad, 2-5-3 mm - 

 thick. 



Ear bearded ; glumes red, glabrous ; awns red ; grain red. 

 T. durum, var. murciense, Korn. Handb. d. Getr. i. 71 (1885). 



