INTRODUCTION 



11 



leaflets, segments, or lobes radiate out from one point at the 

 apex of the leaf -stalk, the leaf is palm-compound (segmented, 

 &c.) ; (2) if, on the contrary, they arise at the sides of the mid- 

 rib, it is feather 'Compound, <fec. Often the leaflets of a compound 

 leaf are themselves compound, in which case the leaf is doubly 

 compound : further complications are adequately described by 

 combinations of the terms given above. 



The actual shape of the leaf or leaflets is described by a 

 series of terms, some of which are self-explanatory, while the 



Fig. 1. 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 3. 



Fig. 4. 



Fig. 5. 



Fig. 6. 



Fig. 7. 



Fig. 0. 



Fig. 1. Ovate leaf with toothed margins. Fig. 2. Heart-shaped leaf with 

 serrate margins. Fig. 3. Lance-shaped leaf. Fig. 4. Elliptical leaf. Fig. 5. 

 Arrow-shaped leaf . Fig. 6. Halbert-shaped leaf. Fig. 7. Feather- compound 

 leaf with seven leaflets and two stipules (st.). Fig. 8. Palm-lobed leaf. 

 Fig. 9. Feather-segmented leaf, lyre-shaped, with coarsely toothed margins. 



meaning of the others may be best understood by reference 

 to the accompanying diagrams. One term requires special 

 mention ; by lyre-shaped, we mean a feather-compound or 

 feather-lobed leaf, in which the terminal lobe or leaflet is 

 larger than the others. 



In many plants there are to be found, at the base of the 

 leaf-stalk, two leafy outgrowths, sometimes quite small, some- 

 times as large as the leaf itself these are called stipules. 



Of the surface of the leaf, we note that it may be smooth or 

 hairy; and of its texture that, in a few cases, it is fleshy or 

 leathery, 



4. The Flower. If we pull the flower of a buttercup to 



