Wild Flowers East of the Rockies 47 



DOG-TOOTH VIOLET; YELLOW ADDER'S TON- 

 GUE (Erythronium americanum). These flowers are 

 familiar and welcome ones to all who wander beside 

 woodland brooks in the Spring. The name "Violet" 

 is of course a misnomer. It is often locally known 

 at the "Trout Lily" or the "Pawn Lily," both of which 

 names are far more appropriate than those given it 

 generally. 



The single flower grows at the top of a scape 

 from 5 to 10 in. high; it is 6-parted. with a lily-like 

 perianth, the sepals being dull yellowish, spotted 

 near the bases with brownish. Two elliptical-lance- 

 olate leaves clasp the scape at its base, near the scaly 

 bulb; they are pale green, mottled with purple and 

 white. This species blooms in April and May in 

 moist woods or swamps, from N. B. to Minn, and 

 southwards. 



WHITE ADDER'S TONGUE (E. albidum) is simi- 

 lar in size and form but the flower that nods at the 

 top of the scape is either white or pale violet. The 

 two leaves are less distinctly, or not at all, spotted. 

 This is found in the same range as the last. 



E. mesochoreum has narrower leaves and pale 

 violet flowers. Prairies of la. and Mo. 



E. propullans has small pointed leaves and bright 

 rose-colored flowers. Pound in Minn, and Ont. 



CLINTON I A (Clintonia borealis) is named for and 

 dedicated to a former N. Y. statesman, DeWitt Clin- 

 ton. It is a beautiful species, its leaves resembling 

 those of the Lily-of-the-Valley. The three to six 

 pendulous, bell-shaped flowers are cream-colored 

 within and greenish outside. Three large, oblong, 

 pointed leaves clasp the flower scape at its base. 

 The plant is about 6 to 16 in. high; it flowers during 

 June in damp woods from Labrador to Man. and 

 southwards. 



C. umbel lata has many smaller white flowers, spot- 

 ted with purple. Mountains, N. Y. to Ga. 



