8 



soap. The pressed cake remaining is dried, cracked and ground, and 

 furnishes the old process linseed meal. A considerable portion of 

 the old process meal is sold by the National Linseed Oil Co. 



The so-called " Flax Meal" is made by the Cleveland Linseed and 

 Oil Co. The oil is quite thoroughly extracted from the crushed 

 seeds by means of a solvent, and after the extraction, the meal is 

 treated with steam, which process tends to produce a coarse and 

 flaky product. 



Linseed meals are generally known as oil meals. This is an incor- 

 rect name, the oil having been to a considerable extent removed. 



Gluten Products. 



The various products known as gluten meals, gluten feeds, germ 

 feed and the like, are the residues resulting from the manufacture of 

 starch and glucose (grape sugar) from maize or Indian corn. 



The average of a large number of analyses of water-free Indian 

 corn shows it to have the following composition : 



Crude ash, 1.7 per cent. 



Crude fiber, 2.5 per cent. 



Crude fat, 5.4 per cent. 



Crude protein, 11.5 per cent. 



Extract matter (chiefly starch), 78.9 per cent. 



It is quite evident that the corn is made up chiefly of starchy 

 matters. The removal of the larger part of the starch naturally 

 increases the proportion of the other ingredients. The constituent 

 contained in the corn next in amount to starch is the protein, — a 

 general name for all albuminoids. In case of corn it is called 

 gluten, and after the removal of the starch, this being by far the 

 most prominent constituent remaining, the feeds have been termed 

 gluten feeds. Even in the best methods of manufacture, the starch 

 is not all removed, the residues being often made up of one-half of 

 starchy matter. 



Parts of Indiayi Corn. — The accompanying enlarged cut* of a 

 corn or maize kernel will assist in locating the four distinct parts 

 which are of interest in this study. 



*This cut was kindly loaned by Director E. B. Vooihees of the New Jersey 

 Station. The description of the same is taken from Bulletin 105 of the New Jerse/ 

 Experiment Station. 



