The stables as a whole were poorly lighted,. 

 Light and and in many cases quite dark. The few half- 



Ventilation, sash windows, too often thickly covered with 

 fly spots, dust and cobwebs, were kept closed 

 during the winter, and so fastened that it was difficult to open them. 

 Comparatively little provision for proper ventilation was noted. 

 Many of the stables had doors in front of the cows, which were kept 

 closed during cold weather, excepting when the animals were fed. 

 Occasionally an air shaft was observed, but in no case could it be 

 said that the stables were ventilated in accordance with the teachings 

 of modern sanitary science. The animals were generally turned into 

 a yard for water once daily, during which time the doors were likely 

 to remain open and the stable received its daily airing. Only four 

 stables were noted in which each animal was allowed over 500 cubic 

 feet of air, the average allowance being in the vicinity of 300 feet. 

 This condition, together with the imperfect ventilation, frequently 

 made the air decidedly foul. 



Asa rule, the yard was located on the south 

 Condition of Barn- side of the barn, and was in some cases well 

 yard. Storage drained. Instances were noted, however, where 

 of Manure. it was lower than the land immediately sur- 



rounding it, thus forming a basin for water, 

 which stood in pools during a thaw, and for a considerable time in 

 the early spring months. Such lack of drainage, together with the 

 droppings from the cattle, made a disagreeable and unhealthy place 

 in which to require the animals to remain a portion of each day. 



The manure was removed from the stable once and occasionally 

 twice daily. Sometimes it was thrown into the barn cellar, aiid at 

 other times out of the window into the barnyard and exposed to the 

 weather. An altogether too common method of storing was in a 

 shed or leanto, directly in the rear of the cows. As the pile grew it 

 not only shut out the light and air from the stable, but also fouled 

 the barnyard and naturally produced very disagreeable conditions. 

 In barns without a cellar, a too common practice was to allow the 

 liquid to run through the fioor directly beneath the animals. 



In altogether too many instances the animals 



Condition and were dirty, the sides and flanks being covered 



Care of Cattle, with manure, and it is doubtful if the majority 



of the animals observed were carded and 



cleaned with any regularity, and in some cases, it is believed that. 



