10 



Fungicides. The principal fungicides used were the copper sul- 

 fate in the form of Bordeaux mixture and simple solution, i. e. 1 lb. 

 copper sulfate to 25 gallons of water, but in a few cases a trial of 

 other well-known combined insecticides and fungicides was made. 



Bordeaux mixture. (Full strength.) The formula used for mak- 

 ing this mixture has been, 4 lbs. copper sulfate, 4 lbs. caustic lime 

 (fresh unslaked), 50 gallons of water. The formulas 4 lbs. copper 

 sulfate, 5 lbs. caustic lime and 50 gallons of water or 5 lbs. copper 

 sulfate, 5 lbs. caustic lime and 50 gallons of water are also largely 

 used with satisfactory results. Dilute Bordeaux is made of 4 lbs. 

 copper sulfate, 4 lbs. caustic lime Siud 100 gallons ofivater. 



Many reports come to us of difficulties in preparing and applying 

 this mixture, which difficulty can be generally traced to the imperfect 

 slaking of the lime or to the failure to dilute the lime mixture suf- 

 ficiently before it is mixed with the copper sulfate solution. The 

 lime should be slaked by applying a small quantity of water at a 

 time, adding more only as fast as it is taken up by the lime, then 

 when all the lime is slaked into a powder or thick paste add water 

 until a very thin milk-like liquid is produced. At least five gallons 

 of water to the 4 or 5 lbs. of lime isrieeded to make it pour and strain 

 well when added to the copper solution, which should also be at 

 least 5 gallons in quantity. 



The lime mixture should be strained through two thicknesses of coarse 

 burlap or a fine onesh strainer when it is added to the copper solu- 

 tion, and the mixture strained when poured into the pump-tank or 

 barrel. Very vigorous and continued stirring should be kept up dur- 

 ing the mixing of the lime and the copper solution. 



Stock solution. While the freshly prepared Bordeaux mixture will 

 always give the best results, stock solutions of 25 to 50 lbs. of each 

 substance may be made when a large amount of spraying is to be 

 done, but they miist not be put together until ready for spraying. 



Combined Insecticide and Fungicides. In almost all cases an 

 insecticide was used with the Bordeaux, thus saving one-half of the 

 labor of applying the two. 



SPRAYING OF FRUITS. 



The Ap)p)le.* Upon fruiting trees Paris green was used at the rate 

 of ^ pound to 50 gallons of the Bordeaux mixture up to about July 



*See Spraying Calendar. 



