66 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 315 



The second type, bark loosening, was most common on Mcintosh but occurred 

 also on Wealthy, Wagener, Gravenstein, Red Astrachan, and Baldwin. Some 

 trees were completely, but most of them only partially, girdled. This type of 

 injury appeared only on trees ten to twenty years old and seemed most common 

 in orchards in cold locations exposed to the sweep of winds. It was almost always 

 on the northwest side of the tree. There seemed to be no correlation with tree 

 vigor and there was but little injury to the foliage. In many orchards the loose 

 bark was tacked down and the wound waxed. Where a careful job was done, 

 using nails long enough to hold the bark firmly, recovery seems to have been 

 favored. Possibly the full amount of damage to the injured trees has not yet 

 appeared. 



The third type of injury resembled the first but was confined to the spurs. 

 It was generally associated with the first type and confined almost entirely to 

 Gravenstein and Baldwin. Sometimes the flower buds failed to start, or they 

 might get as far as the pink stage and then perish. The damage from this type 

 is mostly from the reduction or loss of the 1934 crop, though some spurs were 

 entirely killed. 



The fourth type was like the second but found generally on the larger branches 

 and in the crotches, not the trunk, and the bark remained tight to the wood. The 

 injured area soon became clearly demarked and sunken. It was confined almost 

 entirely to the Baldwin. The permanent damage will be least of any of the four 

 types except when rot is allowed to enter. Where there was crotch injury, a 

 serious weakening of the tree may be expected. 



It was estimated that of the Baldwin trees in the State 5 percent were killed, 

 5 percent too severely injured to be worth retaining, 20 percent severely injured 

 but most of which will recover, while 50 percent were slightly injured but will 

 suffer little permanent damage. This leaves 20 percent of the trees free from 

 visible injury. It is difficult to estimate the damage from bark injury to the 

 Mcintosh. Only future years will disclose, but at present it is not considered to 

 be disastrous. There was some permanent damage to Gravenstein in addition to 

 reduction of the 1934 crop. Minor varieties suffered more or less according to 

 their hardiness or lack of it. The principal unusual injury was the bark loosening 

 on the Mcintosh. 



All varieties of grapes except Concord and Worden suffered more or less winter 

 injury. Vinifera varieties were badly killed even though they were given the 

 usual winter protection. 



The apple crop in the station orchards was 17 percent below that of 1933. 

 Injury to the trees was not severe and only a few Baldwins and some trees top 

 grafted two years ago were killed. An old peach orchard already weakened from 

 arsenic injury occurring several years ago was mostly killed. The trees also 

 seemed to be suffering from the new disease reported from Connecticut. 



The Interrelation of Stock and Scion in Apples. (J. K. Shaw.) Interest in this 

 orchard centered around the apparent cause of poor growth, a lack of potash. 

 The entire orchard except four rows received, in addition to sulfate of ammonia, 

 about 3 pounds of muriate of potash per tree. Little if any improvement in 

 growth was noted though the two rows that had been fertilized with potash in 

 previous years continued to present a better appearance. 



Preliminary work with the Thornton test for potash in plant tissues showed 

 more or less abundant potash in the leaf petioles of the trees that had had three 

 annual applications of potash, but the trees having potash in 1934 only showed 

 little, if any, more than those having no potash. There seemed to be little potash 



