94 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 339 



Cream completely frozen while in the hands of the producer (before processing) loses 

 most of its whipping properties; but cream totally frozen after processing (for instance 

 while standing on the customer's doorstep! is only slightly damaged. 



336 Apple Cider and Cider Products. J. A. Clague and C. R. Fellers. 36 

 pp. illus. November 1936. 



To present results from experiments on several varieties of Massachusetts apples as well 

 as work done by investigators in other states and countries, is the object of this bulletin. 

 The chemical composition of ciders from different varieties of apples is given, with a com- 

 parison of factors determining quality, and suggestions for blending two or more varieties 

 to obtain a more desirable product. The bulletin describes methods of pressing, clarifying, 

 filtering, preserving, carbonating, and making concentrated cider products. Uses for apple 

 pomace are suggested, and legal aspects of the alcoholic content of ciders discussed, as well 

 as the problem of spray residues and the nutritive value of cider. A list ol firms selling 

 various kinds of equipment and supplies used in cider making is appended. 



337 Observations and Experiments with Neurolymphomatosis and the Leu- 

 kotic Diseases. C. S. Gibbs. 31 pp. illus. 



Erythroleukosis and myeloleukosis are filtrable virus diseases which are more apt to occur 

 in chicKens less than a year old than in older birds. Predisposing factors appear to be mites, 

 warm weather, and overcrowding. 



Lympholeukosis is due to a histogenous cell found in the liver, spleen, and portal blood 

 of affected birds. It was transmitted from diseased to healthy chickens by inoculating 

 portal blood directly into the blood stream or the abdominal cavity. There was no evidence 

 that a virus is involved. 



Neurolymphomatosis (so-called avian paralysis) is also due to a histogenous cell, similar to 

 that involved in lympholeukosis except that it has a special predilection for the nervous 

 system. Evidence is presented that the disease is transmitted to the chicken through the 

 egg by the hen and possibly by the rooster. In this study the disease was not so transmitted 

 unless the reproductive organs were infiltrated with neurolymphomatous cells. In the case 

 of the rooster, the disease may not be transmitted unless the cells are present in the semen; 

 but in the hen the cells may pass directly from the ovary into the developing ovule. This 

 study was concerned primarily with transmission of the disease through the egg, but this 

 may not be the only, or even the most important way it is transmitted. 



338 The Effect of Processing on Vitamins in Fruits and Vegetables — A 

 Review. C. R. Fellers. 23 pp. 



Frozen, canned, and dried fruits and vegetables are very widely consumed and form a 

 considerable proportion of the human dietary. The retention of the vitamins in these 

 processed foods is of the greatest health interest. This bulletin sums up investigations 

 carried on in other laboratories as well as extensive studies in this field of research at this 

 station. 



Control Bulletins 



83 Sixteenth Annual Report on Eradication of Pullorum Disease in Massa- 

 chusetts. Poultry Disease Control Laboratory. 8 pp. July 1936. 



84 Inspection of Commercial Fertilizers. H. D. Haskins. 47 pp. October 

 1936. 



85 Inspection of Commercial Feedstuff's. Philip H. Smith. 64 pp. October 

 1936. 



86 Seed Inspection. F. A. McLaughlin. 81 pp. November 1936. 



87 Inspection of Agricultural Lime Products. H. D. Haskins. 9 pp. 

 December 1936. 



Meteorological Bulletins 



565-576, inclusive. Monthly reports giving daily weather records, together 

 with monthly and annual summaries. C. I. Gunness. 4 pp. each. 



