THE MARKET FOR MASSACHUSETTS APPLES 25 



Apples shipped under refrigeration are also commonly insured against 

 breakdown of refrigeration machinery. At a slightly higher cost the 

 policy can be written to cover loss from insufficient refrigeration, which 

 is one of the chief sources of loss to exporters, who are now endeavoring 

 to secure more satisfactory arrangements with regard to the maintenance 

 of proper temperatures. The International Apple Shippers Association 

 and individual exporters are concerning themselves with this matter. 



Under ordinary circumstances the condition of apples on arrival at 

 foreign ports is determined by the condition when shipped and the char- 

 acter of the pack. Apples of good quality properly packed usually arrive 

 at the end of the voyage in good condition. Assuming that the variety, 

 condition and pack are suitable for export, no loss which is not insurable 

 need be expected. 



Costs of Exporting 



Export charges are comprised of freight, refrigeration, insurance, 

 commission and a group of costs known as "consolidated charges" in 

 British ports. These last are made up of quay or wharf charges, port- 

 erage, cartage, selling costs, etc. The freight from any North Atlantic 

 port to any British port, as fixed by the North Atlantic Conference of repre- 

 sentatives of steamship lines trading with ports of the United Kingdom, is 

 90 cents a barrel, if shipped in common stowage, or $1.4.0 a barrel if shipped 

 under refrigeration. Boxes are shipped in common stowage for 30 cents 

 each, or for 50 cents if refrigerated space is required. Rates on baskets 

 and fibre containers are comparatively higher, being 25 cents per cubic 

 foot carried in common stowage, and 35 cents if in refrigerated space. 

 These higher rates are imposed because tlie steamship companies distrust 

 this type of container. 



The "consolidated charges" are the most variable costs named, chang- 

 ing witli the changes in labor costs and varying from port to port. During 

 the two seasons of 1924-25 and 1925-26, these charges were as follows in the 

 chief ports receiving American apples: 



Port Barrel Box 



Manchester $.363 $.22 



Liverpool 343 .22 



Hull 323 .20 



Glasgow 363 .20 



I,ondon (Surrey commercial docks) 486 .243 



London (Tilbury, King George V, and otlier docks) 606 .243 



Typical sets of exports charges on barreled and boxed apples, shipped 

 from New York to Liverpool, which received in 1925-26 one-third of the 

 apples exported from the United States, are given below: 



