HEAD FORMATION IN APPLE TREES 



163 



Plate II. Northern Spy Tree D44, at seven years. 



Note the upright growth induced by severe cutting back. The strong upright scaf- 

 fold branches shade each other and, even though the tree was cut back to two feet at 

 .setting, the tree is fully as high-headed as the trees which were not cut back at 

 setting. The severe heading back results in a dense top that must be thinned severely 

 the next year. This type of pruning is not desirable. 



