CAPE COD CRANBERRY INSECTS 13 



glaucous willow,"* and sweet gale.'' As a cranberry pest it is worse in New 

 Jersey than elsewhere. It is . nnich less generally destructi\e on the Cape 

 than the Itlack-headed hreworni. 



Chararler of Injuri/. 



The small worms of the first brood feed on the old leaves at first, usually 

 sewing the surfaces of two adjacent ones together and working between them. 

 Otherwise this species works much like the black-headed fireworm (fig. 8), 

 but it tends to gather more uprights into its web (fig. 9) and often does more 

 intensive injury, not only browning the l)og but often leaving only bare up- 

 rights in the fall. The worms work in the berries and score them as black- 

 headed firewornis do (fig. 10). 



l>( gcripiiou ({11(1 t^ensnudl Histori/. 



Tiic moths that appear in the fall (Plate One, fig. -i) are reddish gray, but 

 they gradually lose the red tinge and become slate color. They are small but 

 consideral)Ij- larger than those of the black-headed fireworm. They winter on 

 the bog and surrounding uj)land, hidden in the vines or other shelter, Itut fly 

 on warm days. They lay during April. The eggs look like tlnise of the black- 

 headed fireworm and are laid singly, n:ostly on the liacks of the leaves. They 

 hatch during the first half of May. 



Newly hatched worms of the first brood usually have dark heads but they 

 soon change and conmionly are distinguished from black-headed firewornis by 

 the yellow color of the head. The body is pale yellowish. The nuiture worms 

 are about half an inch long (fig. 11). They pu})ate in silken cells among the 

 webbed uprights, mcstly early in Jtme. 



The pupa is light brown at first, liiit it grows blackisii as the moth develops. 

 It is from a quarter to nearly a third of an inch long and has a prominent 

 and distinctive knob at its head end (fig. 12). 



The summer moths appear late in June and fly about three weeks. They 

 are clear orange (Plate One, fig. 5), but otherwise like those of the winter 

 brood. They may lie flushed up in clouds on badly infested bogs. They lay 

 eggs during most of their flight and generally disajipear about July 10. The 

 eggs usually begin to hatch aliout July 8 to 10. 'I'he worms continue to appear 

 for some time and develop more slowly than the first brood, some of them not 

 maturing till early September. They pupate like the first brood, the pupal 

 stage lasting about a month, and the gray winter moths appear in September 

 and early October. 



Treatmeiif. 



Complete winter flooding, especially if the water is held till May, is a sure 

 control. 



Spraying with 6 pounds of dry lead arsenate in 100 gallons of water is very 

 effective. It .should be done for the first brood about May 24-, and for the 

 second about July 10. The first-brood treatment will check the gypsy moth 

 also if that insect threatens. A single spraying, well timed for either brood, 

 should be enough for a whole season and often will control the pest for two or 



16. Salix disinlnr Muhl. 



17. Myrica gale L. 



