54 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 239 



MISCELLANEOUS PESTS. 



These forms are placed here hecause their cliaracters or habits are such 

 that they cannot be grouped witli others. Tlie following table distinguishes 

 them: 



Table of Worms. 



With legs cranberry fruit worm (p. -54). 



Legless 1 



1. With a head; working in the blossom buds cranberry weevil (p. 58). 



Headless; working in the tips of the uprights cranberry tipworm (p. 63). 



Cranberry Fruit Worm."'" 



This worm has been more destructve on the Cape than any other cranberry 

 pest, sometimes taking nearly half the crop; but nature controls it some years 

 so that it does no great general harm. It often takes all the fruit on a bog 

 without proper winter flowage. It attacks early varieties more than late ones. 

 It is also very injurious in Wisconsin, but not elsewhere. 



Many moths probably come onto the bogs from a standing upland infesta- 

 tion most years in Massachusetts and Wisconsin, for new bogs made in isolated 

 locations nearly always become infested in a few years. Infestations on bogs 

 flooded during the winter might die out soon but for this continual invasion. 



In Massachusetts, except in well-sheltered locations, the worms sometimes 

 are winterkilled in their cocoons by wholesale when not covered with snow or 

 water. If this occurs in New Jersey and on Long Island, where there is less 

 snow, it may cause the scarcity of the })est there. The worms freeze in mid- 

 winter when exposed in tiieir imbroken cocoons to air with a temperature of 

 —2° to — 3°F. 



Distribution anri Food Plants. 



This species has been found in Maine (at Machias), Massachusetts, Rhode 

 Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Texas and Wash- 

 ington. 



The' worms infest in the wild tiie fruits of the mountain cranberry''" and 

 swamp blueberry. They commonly web together several berries of these 

 plants and feed among them. They probably have still other food plants for 

 they eat dangleberries, black huckleberries, apples*" and beach plums'^ freely 

 in confinement. 



Character of Injun/. 



The newly hatched larva almost always crawls over the surface of the cran- 

 berry from its place of emergence at the blossom end and enters close to the 

 stem. Its entrance is so small that it is barely visible to the unaided eye. It 

 eats the seeds and usually some of the pulp and then leaves the berry to 

 enter a second. One worm destrovs from three to six berries, the number 



58. Mineola raicinii (Rile>'). 



.59. Vaccinium Vilis-Idaea L. var. minus Lodd. 



60. Pyrus Malus L. 



61. Prunus marilima Wang. 



