13(3 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 254 



A traction field force pump of 100 gallons capacity with a boom covering 4 rows, 



3 nozzles to a row, was employed. Repeated use of lead arsenate was found 

 necessary to check the Colorado potato beetle. Leaf hoppers were not promi- 

 nent and aphis constituted a minor factor; nevertheless, two treatments of 

 nicotine sulfate were applied to one acre but the results did not warrant the added 

 expense (Pelissier). W. L. Doran observed some late bhght but "not over 1 or 

 2 per cent of late Wight rot in the entire field regardless of the fungicide used." 

 A considerable number of vines were still green when the crop was harvested on 

 October 10. The yield calculated from a single determination of 5 rods, of 2 rows 

 each, was 301.8 bushels an acre for basic sulfate and 451.7 bushels for Bordeaux. 

 Neither the life of the vines nor the amount of disease could account for any such 



differences. 



Apples 



A spraying experiment was conducted on Block E of the Station orchard under 

 the supervision of J. K. Shaw and W. L. Cutler to determine the relative effective- 

 ness of basic sulfate and lime-sulfur in controlling scab on Mcintosh and Baldwin 

 apples and the amount of injury. A mixture of high and low basic sulfates (lots 



4 and 2) was employed in two concentrations, dilute and triple-strength. When- 

 ever the low basic sulfate was used, in whole or in part, the amount was doubled. 

 The dilute mixture consisted of basic sulfate, lead arsenate and saponin 0.50^1.50- 

 0.055^-50 and contained about 0.06 per cent copper and 0.07 per cent arsenic. 

 In the third and fourth applications raw linseed oil 0.50 pt.-50 was substituted for 

 saponin. The triple-strength mixture was the same as the dilute except as to 

 copper content and contained about 0.19 per cent copper. A standard mixture of 

 liquid lime-sulfur, lead arsenate and calcium caseinate 1.25 gals.-l. 5-0. 5-50 was 

 applied to similar trees for comparative purposes. A Friend power sprayer with 

 250-gallon tank under 275 pounds pressure and Friend guns with ?32 disc nozzles 

 were employed for the several mixtures. Care was taken to cover the trees 

 thoroughly but to avoid drenching. 



In the pre-pink spray (April 21) the dilute basic sulfate mixture with saponin 

 injured the fruit buds a little, about the same as lime-sulfur, but the concentrated 

 damaged the buds seriously. In the pink spray (April 25) the dilute mixture with 

 saponin injured the buds slightly more than lime-sulfur, but the concentrated 

 kUled the buds and injured the young leaves. In the calyx spray (May 19) the 

 dilute mixture with Unseed oil caused less injury than lime-sulfur. The use of the 

 concentrated was discontinued. A later application (July 1) of the dilute mixture 

 with linseed oil substantiated previous results. The oil dispersed readily in the 

 mixture and increased adhesiveness. Mcintosh foliage is particularly sensitive to 

 copper injury. Trees with 85 per cent bloom, set 71 per cent with dOute basic 

 sulfate and 88 per cent with lime-sulfur. Very little or no scab was observed with 

 basic sulfate or lime-sulfur. 



A dusting experiment was conducted in the College orchard under the supervi- 

 sion of Brooks D. Drain to determine the effectiveness of basic copper sulfate in 

 disease control on Mcintosh apples and Bartlett pears and the amount of injury. 

 High and low basic sulfates (lots 5 and 2) were employed in two concentrations, 

 dilute and double-strength. The dilute mixture consisted of basic sulfate, lead 

 arsenate, and talc and contained about 2.50 per cent copper and 2 per cent arsenic. 

 The double-strength contained about 5.00 per cent copper but was otherwise the 

 same. Crude saponin, 1 pound in 100, was incorporated in both mixtures applied 

 on May 7 and June 2 to apples and on June 2 to pears but was excluded from the 

 mixtures applied on August 5 to apples and pears. 



'25 grams. 



