378 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 260 



the heavy loss to fruit growers, studies of this insect were begun in 1926 in 

 the eastern part of the State, and this bulletin reports the progress of the work 

 to date. 



250 The Consumer Demand for Apple.s- Jefferson, Lorian P. 18 pp. 

 April, 1929. 



The purpose of production is the satisfaction of the requirements of consumers. 

 In order to meet them efficiently, it is necessary to know the character and ex- 

 tent of the demand. This type of investigation has received comparatively lit- 

 tle attention, but the importance of such information becomes increasingly evi- 

 dent. It was in the hope of benefiting both grower and dealer that this study 

 was undertaken. 



251 Causes of Differences in Poultry Profits. Miehell, R. L., and Branch, 

 F. H. 19 pp. May, 1929. 



Kecords based on experience in poultry farming show wide differences in finan- 

 cial returns. It is assumed that these differences can be attributed to certain 

 specific practices and conditions which may be subject to control or modifica- 

 tion. This stud> was undertaken to determine the extent to which the various 

 factors and conditions operated and were effective in influencing profit in the 

 industry. 



252 Supplements for Copi^er Fungicides. Holland, E. B., Dunbar, C. O-, 

 and Gillifjan, G. M. 20 -)p. June, 1929. 



Ever since copper fungicides were introduced, numerous supplementary prod- 

 ucts have been recommended fir incorporation in the spray with a view to 

 remedying some real or fancied defect. The contradictory evidence presented 

 by different investigators relative '^o various supplements may be due in part to 

 differences in amount of substance employed, in method of preparation and of 

 application, but more often to an insufficient number of replications with dif- 

 ferent crops under varying weather ana soil conditions. The use of supplements 

 is not warranted unless they reduce int.'ction and consequent economic losses. 

 This study was undertaken to determine tie intrinsic and relative values of the 

 materials recommended for use as supplemer.ts. 



253 Milk Substitutes for Calves. I.indsey, J. B., and Archibald, J. G- 

 9 pp. July, 1929. 



The production of milk for near-i)y consumpti -n is the principal industry of 

 Massachusetts dairymen. The maintaining of tht herd is an ever-present prob- 

 lem. Some farmers prefer to purchase mature milkers and others to rear calves 

 from their own cows. This Station has been studying the most economical and 

 satisfactory method of growing the calf until four months of age, and presents 

 the results of its findings in this bulletin. 



254 The Preparation and Effectiveness of Basic Copper Sulfate as a 

 Fungicide. Hollandl, E. B., Dunbar, C. O., Gilligar, G. M, and 

 Doran. W- L. 27 pp. June. 1929. 



Copper fungicides have been a subject for investigation during the past few 

 years. This work comprises a study of chemical composition, physical char- 

 acteristics and general effectiveness in field work, together with the ;ise of va- 

 rious supplementary products. The main objective was the preparation of a 

 Bordeaux substitute that could be readily suspended in water and used as a 

 spray, or mixed with a free-flowing carrier and applied as a dust. The product 

 must give a practical control of disease but not necessarily equal to a highly 

 dispersed Bordeaux of the same copper content. The advantages of such a 

 product in the saving of time, labor and equipment in preparation, and the gain 

 in uniformity and stability of the spray mixture are evident. Since basic sul- 

 fates are generally considered preferable to basic carbonates, attention has been 

 directed largely to them. 



255 Studies in Mineral Nutrition. Lindsey, J. B., and Archibald, J. G. 

 16 pp. November, 1929. 



It was formerly held that the dairy animal obtained sufficient mineral matter 

 from the roughages and grains consumed. More recently, based on some ex- 

 perimental evidence, this opinion has been questioned. »"'l many have advised 



