ANNUAL REPORT, 1938 51 



candies made from whey, together with liberal amounts of milk powder, offer 

 some prospect for developing a new market for dairy by-products. 



A Study of the Efficiency of the DeLaval Multipurpose Separator. (J. H. 



Frandsen, L. D. Lipman, and Myer Glickstein.) In an effort to determine the 

 suitability and practicability of mechanical standardization of milk, several 

 experiments have been conducted with the DeLaval Multipurpose Separator. 

 Results to date indicate that standardization reduces the amount of visible sedi- 

 ment in milk; in general, standardization increases fat and total solids and decreas- 

 es specific gravity, has little effect upon bacteria count, and has little or no effect 

 upon curd tension. Standardized milk tends to have a better flavor than milk 

 of the same age not standardized. Standardization with a mechanical stand- 

 ardizer is more practical and economical than standardization by siphoning or 

 foremilking. 



DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS 

 Alexander E. Cance in Charge 



Land-Use Problems in Massachusetts in Relation to a Balanced Program 

 of Land Utilization. (David Rozman.) The work of this project has progressed 

 along the lines of land classification and the determination of the adjustments 

 essential to a balanced program of land utilization. This work has been carried 

 out primarily with a view to providing a basis for and supplementing the activi- 

 ties of the agencies of the United States Department of Agriculture and other 

 Federal and State organizations engaged in bringing about the necessary practical 

 adjustments in land utilization. Because of the variety of soil, topography and 

 social factors even over small areas in Massachusetts, the planning for individual 

 communities can not be adequately promoted unless it is based on a detailed 

 knowledge of a particular locality. With this in mind, under this project the 

 examination of land-use problems was made in a number of Massachusetts com- 

 munities on the basis of a land-use survey carried out in cooperation with the 

 State Planning Board. In 26 towns covering both eastern and western sections 

 of the State a preliminary analysis was made with due consideration to physical 

 factors such as soil classification, topography, land cover, existing roads, and 

 rural buildings. This was coupled with the examination of social factors, especi- 

 ally as expressed by the trend of population and the development of industries, 

 land values, and real estate taxation. 



The preliminary results indicate that the most fruitful developments in effect- 

 ing adjustments in rural communities will be brought about by two major lines 

 of action. The first is concerned with the prevention and elimination of isolated 

 settlements in rural areas, where excessive costs of maintaining roads, schools, 

 and other social services place a heavy burden of taxation on agricultural land. 

 Secondly, in communities where considerable areas are not at the present time 

 under any form of intensive utilization and where the analysis of physical and 

 social factors does not indicate the possibility of such development the major point 

 of attack should be along conservation lines with scientific reforestation, recrea- 

 tional facilities, and wild life refuges. 



The most important application of the material and analyses obtained under 

 this land-use project will be in the work of the State Land Use Committee, re- 

 cently organized under the leadership of the United States Department of Agri- 

 culture, composed of representatives of all Federal and State agricultural agencies 

 engaged in the program of the conservation of human and natural resources in 

 the rural areas of Massachusetts. 



