12 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 360 



ing has a concrete floor. Wooden sills should be carefulh examined and re- 

 placed wherever necessary. 



Above ground buildings must be insulated on the sides as well as ceiling, which 

 can best be done by using fill insulation. 



Most of these structures were framed with main timbers 8 inches square, which 

 provides easy opportunity for adequate insulation. In cases where the timbers 

 are less than 8 inches they should be furred out to that dimension. 



Usually the first scaffold above the floor in barns is not as high as is desirable 

 for a good storage. It is advisable to remove low scaffolds and put in a ceiling 

 at a height of 10 feet. The outside of the building should be made watertight. 

 The inside surface of the outer wall between joists or girts should be covered with 

 waterproof paper and then, if necessary, the space between main timbers studded 

 out to a line with these timbers. These studs may be light stock such as 2"x4" 

 spaced 30 inches on centers. The inside face of frame is covered with wire cloth, 

 paper, and sheathing or with paper and steel sheets and the insulating fill put in 

 place. The ceiling is covered and insulated in the same manner as the walls. 



New Structures 



New structures for common storage use may be either one- or two-story build- 

 ings. If two-story, the lower one is usually below grade. A one-story building 

 is most frequently built of frame, with concrete foundation and floor. In a 

 two-story structure, the walls are usually concrete below grade and frame above. 



The planning of such a building is a matter which calls for the assistance of 

 someone familiar with structural problems. 



Packing Space 



A good packing room is so located and built as to provide a maximum of nat- 

 ural light, efficient handling of fruit from and to storage rooms and trucks, com- 

 fortable working conditions during cold weather, and adequate artificial light 

 when necessary. It is large enough to provide space for a grading machine and 

 to permit stacking of such volume of fruit as may be going to market direct from 

 the packing table. 



A common and satisfactory method of providing packing space is to add a shed 

 on one side of the storage room. This type of packing room is best because it is 

 easy to move apples back and forth from the storage and it is possible to get 

 adequate daylight by means of windows and skylights. 



Where no grading machine is to be installed, a 16-foot width is satisfactory and 

 the shed may be built without posts. If a grading machine is to be set up, the 

 width should be not less than 20 feet and posts will be necessary to support the 

 roof. 



Another way to solve the problem of packing space is to have a room located 

 over the storage. This may in some cases be less expensive than building the shed 

 beside the storage, but there is one disadvantage — all the apples to be packed 

 from storage must be hauled or lifted upstairs. 



The upstairs location is to be preferred to using space in a cellar for the purjKjse 

 since natural light is difficult to obtain in below-grade rooms. 



