44 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 369 



might be woiked out which may prove superior to the use of one stabilizer alone. 

 The study of different combinations of vegetable stabilizers is being continued. 



Utilization of Whey By-Products. (J. H. Frandsen and Myer Glickstein.) 

 Various difficulties have been encountered in the effort to perfect a fermented 

 whey drink. When a double fermentation process is used, whereby the whey 

 is fermented first in an open vat, then in capped bottles, either too much or too 

 little CO2 is likely to be produced. If the conditions are just right for the produc- 

 tion of CO2, the time factor becomes troublesome. When the capped bottles 

 are held for some time in storage, the whey becomes more acid and the flavor 

 begins to deteriorate. The yeast cells apparently autolyze to some extent and 

 produce further off-flavors. If in-the-bottle pasteurization is resorted to earlier 

 in the process when just sufficient gas is produced, the dead yeast cells again 

 give rise to objectionable flavors. Further work now in progress should develop a 

 method whereby the activity of the yeast cells can be retarded just enough to 

 prevent any off-flavor. 



Other products made from whey, such as whey honey and whey candy, have 

 been developed to the extent that they have commercial possibilities. 



A Study of the Efficiency and the Practicability of the Paper Milk Bottle. 



(J. H. Frandsen and M. A. Widland.) All paper bottles e.xamined for micro- 

 organisms gave plate counts well within the standard of one colony per c. c. 

 capacity, as suggested by the American Public Health Association. The micro- 

 organisms that were isolated were harmless saprophytes probably introduced 

 into the containers by the water used in making the paper. 



It was found that the volume taken up by the average 12-quart case for glass 

 bottles is about 2700 cubic inches, whereas the volume of paper cases ranges from 

 740 to 1250 cubic inches, which means a saving of from 53 to 72 percent in storage 

 space. Furthermore, a case of 12 quarts of milk in paper containers is 50 percent 

 lighter than the same amount in glass. Work done also shows a marked saving 

 in refrigeration costs in the case of paper containers. 



Paper bottles seem to have no deleterious effect upon the flavor of milk, and 

 even afford some protection against the development of "sunlight" flavor. 



DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS 

 Alexander E. Cance in Charge 



Land-Use Problems in Massachusetts in Relation to a Balanced Program of 

 Land Utilization. (David Rozman.) A preliminary analysis of land-use factors 

 has been prepared for about one-third of the towns in the Commonwealth, 

 where the relationship between the types of soil, topography, rural roads, and 

 buildings was projected against the existing system of land utilization. This 

 analysis is further considered in the light of local economic and social conditions 

 as reflected in the general movement of the population, available employment 

 opportunities especially in local industries, and trends in land values and taxation, 

 as an indication of the best type of land-use pattern fitting any particular locality. 



The results of the investigation completed for Worcester County indicate that 

 out of a total area of about one million acres 15.6 percent is now being used for 

 crops and plowable pasture, 11.5 percent is in stony and woodland pasture, and 

 63.3 percent is in various types of forest growth; while swamps and wasteland 

 account for 1.3 percent, water bodies occupy 3.7 percent, and settled, commercial, 

 and industrial areas make up 4.6 percent. From the standpoint of the soil analysis 

 and classification, 30.9 percent of the county area is found to be of good adaptabil- 



