IDENTIFICATION OF APPLE VARIETIES 85 



resembling tliat seen in Wealthy. The smaller size and more slender growth 

 of the tree, its rather dense roundish head, and the few lenticels in the bark 

 serve also to characterize Winesap. 



Staynian (Fig. 9) is a much more vigorous variety M'ith longer, stouter 

 shoots growing in an open, upright-spreading form. The buds are larger and 

 more hairy. The pubescence is more abundant and coarser on both leaves and 

 young shoots. 



Arkansas (Mammoth Black Twig, Fig. 10) is similar in form to Stayman 

 and often confused with it. It differs in that the lenticels are somewhat less 

 abundant and finer, resembling the others of tliis group rather than the Stay- 

 man. The leaf is somewhat broader with a more distinct tip and often darker 

 green and less hairy. The leaf serrations are usually a little sharper and more 

 distinct. 



Arkansas Black is a somewhat smaller, less vigt)rous variety than Arkansas 

 and of more slender upright growth; the leaf is quite distinctly folded and 

 somewhat waved, while Arkansas leaves are nearly flat or only slightly folded, 

 with very little or no waving. 



Delicious (Fig. 11) is cjuite distinct from the otiier varieties here included 

 in the AVinesap group but is sometimes found mixed with them, more likely 

 with Stayman or Winesap. It is variable in habit of growth but is likely to 

 be more upright, especially with vigorous trees, and is always of a straggling, 

 irregular type of growth. The bark is darker in color than Stayman. The 

 leaves are dark green and have less pubescence than other varieties of this 

 group. The .serrations are moderately sharp to rather dull, somewhat like the 

 variations in Winesap but not reaching the extremes seen in that variety. 



Anyone desiring to learn to distinguish the varieties of this group should 

 .study trees known to be true to name and learn to recognize the differences 

 here given and others of perhaps less signficance. Careful observation is 

 necessary, but with it these ^■arieties may be distinguished with reasonable 

 certainty. 



The Mcintosh Group 



The Mcintosh is now one of the most important varieties found in nurseries. 

 Its excellent qualities have led to its use in breeding work, and as a result 

 several varieties are appearing in nurseries and orchards, of which Mcintosh 

 is one parent. Probably others will appear. The question arises whether these 

 related varieties may be confused with each other and with the Mcintosh. 

 The writers have studied nearly a dozen Mcintosh seedlings and concluded 

 that while these varieties do resemble each other and show their relationship 

 to Mcintosh, there should be little difficulty in identifying them from the non- 

 bearing trees. 



Cortland (Fig. 26) is distinguished from Mcintosh by a relatively longer 

 leaf it'ith a rounded instead of a heart-shaped basei The foliage shows a 

 lighter green color, best seen when one looks down a row so as to see the 

 growing tips. Many Cortland leaves are folded downward instead of upward 

 as is common in Mcintosh and many other varieties. The old bark of Cort- 

 land is darker than that of Mcintosh. The lenticels are often somewhat more 

 abundant. 



Early Mcintosh (Fig. 24) shows characters from each of its parents, Mc- 

 intosh and Yellow Transparent. Compared with Mcintosh, the shoots are 



