6 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 293 



growers must depend on other than local markets. It was desired that the study 

 should bring out the best methods of putting the apples on the more distant mar- 

 kets. The largest apple shippers in the State were visited in the survey. The 

 experiences of these men in shipping apples were studied in detail; such as the 

 comparative advantage of rail and truck shipments, packaging, grading, and 

 methods of contract with motor carriers. Case studies were made of freight bills 

 and of many cases in which legitimate and illegitimate charges were made against 

 the grower or shipper. The reports show that considerable saving could be made 

 by proper routing, and a knowledge of freight tariffs and tariff rules. It is in- 

 tended to carry on further investigation of the markets next fall. 



Recreational and Forestry Uses of Land. (David Rozman.) This project 

 has been completed and the manuscript presented for publication. It points out 

 the place of recreational and forestry uses of land in working out a balanced pro- 

 gram of land utilization for the Commonwealth. The investigation indicates 

 that, largely as a result of the abandonment of farm land, about one-third of the 

 total area in towns with a population of less than 10,000 is owned by non-residents. 

 In the towns situated near the coast and in some inland towns the land owned by 

 non-residents is utilized to a great extent for recreational purposes. However, 

 most of the abandoned farm land held by non-residents is represented by idle 

 acres covered with brush and inferior woods. Although the indications are that 

 a considerable amount of the present area of idle land will be taken in the near 

 future for part-time farming and recreational uses, the major part of it will have 

 to be devoted to the growing of trees under the control of both public institutions 

 and private owners. 



Marketing of Milk Secondary in Markets of Massachusetts. (David 

 Rozman.) This study, initiated in the spring of 1932, deals with the analysis of 

 marketing problems arising largely from changing conditions of milk supply in 

 secondary markets of Massachusetts. The field work was carried on last summer 

 in three cities situated outside of the Metropolitan area of Boston: Gardner in 

 Worcester County, Attleboro in Bristol County, and Newburyport in Essex 

 County. The data obtained in these cities include information on sources of 

 milk supply and condition of marketing machinery, covering the practices and 

 price plans of producers, distributors, dealers, cooperative organizations, and 

 other distributing agencies. 



Consumer Demand for Eggs. (Lorian P. Jefferson.) This project is near- 

 ing completion. Much of the tabulation is done, and a considerable portion is in 

 manuscript form. 



Changing Methods of Wholesale Distribution of Perishables. (Lorian 

 P. Jefferson.) This project becomes increasingly more timely as distributors 

 continue to seek better and less costly methods of marketing perishables and as 

 new distributing agencies enter the field. It is evident that a process of decentral- 

 ization is taking place in many places and in particular products. The warehous- 

 ing of chain-store products is becoming a matter of districts, rather than states or 

 larger regions. The Atlantic and Pacific chain, for example, now maintains 

 several more warehouses in New England than formerly. The wholesale distribu- 

 tion of meat in Boston shows this tendency to decentralization, there being now 

 several points at which meats are received and distributed. 



Changes include certain new methods of handling credit and different methods 

 of payment for goods. The growing importance of the traveling jobber, trucker, 

 itinerant jobber, peddler — all these names being applied to the same agent — 



