6 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 299 



Occasionally a car is shipped to Cincinnati. Shipments in most of these cases have 

 not been promoted by the growers but l)y buyers or dealers. These cities which 

 have been regarded as emergency outlets may become regular outlets for some 

 growers in the future. 



With reference to the number of markets which a grower used, it was found that 

 47 per cent sold in one, 18 per cent in two, and 5 per cent in three. Of the men who 

 used but one market 75 per cent sold in Boston and 1 5 per cent in New York. Large 

 citites were the chief outlets for the main crop. Nearby towns were places in which 

 to sell early varieties, odd varieties or odd lots. 



The outlets favored by growers regardless of the number used showed that 51 

 per cent sold in Boston, 28 per cent in New York and 14 per cent in Springfield and 

 Providence. 



Except in southern New England, the geographical location of the apple grower 

 had but little influence on his choice of market. Within this area, however, growers 

 sold in whichever one of four cities - Springfield, Worcester, Boston, Providence — 

 was nearest to their orchards. 



The data indicated that in general local growers were acquainted with few outlets 

 and few growers were acquainted with outlets outside of New England. 



Potential Markets 



Included in the group of cities which are potential consuming centers are eight 

 of the ten which rank first in population according to the United States Census of 

 1930*. In addition to having an apparent capacity for absorbing apples, these 

 cities are relatively near by. 



The markets which appear to offer the best opportunities for absorbing a supply 

 of Massachusetts apples are : 



New York Baltimore Cleveland 



Philadelphia Washington Detroit 



Pittsburgh Cincinnati Indianapolis 



With the exception of New York, which is a potential market for some growers 

 and a regular outlet for others, not more than 5 per cent of the growers are acquain- 

 ted with the markets suggested. 



Certain other cities located in the Northeast have not been mentioned because 

 of certain factors which make them less desirable outlets for New England apples. 

 BufTalo, for instance, is adjacent to an apple-growing region; St. Louis and Chicago 

 are too distant unless prices are particularly good; Montreal is unfavorable 

 because of customs duties. 



The volume of Massachusetts apples unloaded in both groups (with the excep- 

 tion of New York) during the period for which figures are available varies from 

 none in 1926 and 1928 to 119 cars in 1930. The unloads are irregular and sporadic. 

 It is probable that buyers on these markets know as little about Massachusetts 

 apples as growers in Massachusetts know about the markets. Data are lacking 

 on recent shipments to these potential markets. 



New York City is an exception in that information on traftic to this area is ade- 

 quate. Data were secured on shipments in 1932 from various points in Massachu- 

 setts. In addition to data on rail traffic, it was possible to secure trucking charges 

 so that a comparison of costs by kinds of carriers can also be made. 



*U. S. Census. 1930. Population. Vol. 1, p. 18. 



