64 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 305 



297 The Effect of Certain Cropping Systems on the Yield and Quality of Havana 

 Tobacco. A. B. Beaumont, M. E. Snell, and E. B. Holland. 28 pp. 

 illus. June, 1933. 



Several cropping systems for tobacco either used or suggested for the Connecticut Valley 

 were compared and results for eight years, 1924-1931, are reported. These experiments 

 present a rather convincing argument for the use of a moderate quantity of manure as a 

 supplement to commercial fertiliser. The advantage from manure lies largely in its effect 

 on quality. The use of red top cover comes second as a means of producing good quality 

 of tobacco, and is a much more feasible cropping system for most Valley farmers on account 

 of the scarcity of manure. The rotation experiments gave results which were quite unfavor- 

 able to tobacco, although in most cases the other crops were apparently benefited by having 

 tobacco in the rotation. The cropping systems studied produced little or no change in the 

 soil conditions. Continuous culture of tobacco without the plowing in of a cover crop 

 caused the greatest increase in acidity, which was only 0.5 of a pH unit. The use of cover 

 crops, the rotation, and manure tended to stabilize the reaction of the soil; and acidity was 

 reduced only in one of the rotations where limestone was used. 



298 The Significance of Length of Biological Laying Year in Production Breed- 

 ing. F. A. Hays and Ruby Sanborn. 11 pp. illus. June, 1933. 



High persistency has long been recognized as an important factor in breeding for egg 

 production. In previous studies persistency has been considered only within the limits 

 of the 365-day pullet laying year. In the study here reported, birds having the ability 

 to lay continuously for more than 305 days were found to be superior for breeding purposes 

 to those having a shorter laying year. 



299 Shipping Massachusetts Apples to Out-of-State Markets. A. H. Lindsey 

 and A. A. Brown. 27 pp. illus. October, 1933. 



The development of apple orchards in New England and especially in Massachusetts 

 has made it desirable for growers to find markets outside of the immediate production area. 

 Information regarding transportation methods and costs was obtained from growers who 

 have been shipping to New York markets. Transportation and terminal facilities are 

 described for seven leading cities which might become profitable markets for Massachusetts 

 apples, and the advantages and difficulties of each of them discussed. 



300 Chemical Composition of Herbage from Massachusetts Pastures. J. G. 

 Archibald and E. Bennett. 7 pp. October, 1933. 



In general the herbage from pastures located on Becket loam and Stockbridge loam, 

 two common soil types in Berkshire County, was superior to that from pastures in the 

 counties farther east. It contained more protein and minerals and less fiber, and the 

 quantity of grazing available was usually greater. All of the samples measured up quite 

 well in protein content and were not unduly high in fiber; the amount of calcium ranged 

 from fair to good; but there was quite a decided deficiency of phosphorus, particularly on 

 the lighter, less drought-resistant soils and in the autumn samples. 



301 Characteristics of Non-Broody and Intense Broody Lines of Rhode Island 

 Reds. F. A. Hays. 12 pp. November, 1933. 



Through the method of breeding followed, the percentage of non-broody individuals in 

 the pullet year for the non-broody line has fluctuated rather widely from year to year, 

 reaching a maximum of 92.31 per cent and a mean of 72.00 per cent for the nine-year period. 

 For the broody line, the mean percentage of non-broody daughters was 20.46 per cent. 

 The data show that degree of broodiness is inherited; also that the non-broody line was 

 distinctly superior to the broody line from the standpoint of annual egg production. 



302 Higher Aging Temperatures in the Manufacture of Ice Cream. W. S. 

 Mueller and J. H. Frandsen. 16 pp. illus. November, 1933. 



Aging at 68° F. for 2, 4, and 6 hours produced no measurable effect on bacterial growth, 

 pH, or titratable acidity of a pasteurized ice cream mix. When an ice cream mix which 

 contained the correct amount of gelatin for low temperature aging was aged for 4 hours at 

 68° F., excessive retardation of melting and a curdled appearance resulted. This objection- 

 able melting condition can be corrected by reducing the gelatin content approximately 

 one fourth. 



