MID-MORNING LUNCH IN RURAL SCHOOLS 35 



striking effect of colds shown in this table is that, while the percentage who 

 •mproved from January- to June was shown to be the same whether the influence 

 of colds was eliminated or not, the percentage whose condition became poorer 

 during the same time was less after colds were discarded, indicating that part of 

 the drop noted in the spring was due to these acute infections. 



In the first analysis the findings had been the same as those from a similar 

 analysis of changes in general nutritional condition; that is, during the fall a much 

 larger proportion of the fed children improved than became worse, while the 

 proportions in the control group were about the same. During the spring both 

 groups just about maintained the January status with little or no relative im- 

 provement, so that the gains throughout the year apparent in the fed group were 

 for the most part made in the fall. After discarding for colds a smaller percentage 

 were in poorer condition at the end of spring. 



When the groups receiving the different lunches are compared, the milk or 

 the mixture of milk and tomato seem to have caused most changes. Only a 

 slight difference in proportion of improvement is indicated in favor of the tomato 

 over the controls. Again we hesitate to compare the effects of evaporated and 

 pasteurized milk, as the findings for the latter are based on records made in the 

 preliminary years of the investigation and on only a small group of children. 

 It seems obvious, however, that milk, either pasteurized or evaporated, produced 

 improvement in a larger percentage of children than tomato concentrate; and 

 the tomato, in a slightly greater percentage than no lunch. No greater influence 

 from a mixture of milk and tomato than from milk alone is indicated. 



Change in Size of Glands 



A decrease in the size and number of palpable glands seemed so obvious at the 

 end of the first year that in the following years particular care was taken in 

 describing them. The glands noted were the posterior and anterior cervicals, the 

 submaxillary, submental, postauricular, suboccipital, axillary, and inguinal. 



A score card was compiled in which 100 indicated no glands palpable. Of 

 this total 48 were given to posterior cervicals, 24 to anterior cervicals, 10 to sub- 

 maxillary, and less to the others which were palpable but occasionally. A definite 

 amount was deducted when any gland was barely palpable, more if palpable, 

 and still more if enlarged. The condition of the glands as described for each 

 child at each examination was scored in this manner. The mean total scores 

 as well as the scores for the posterior cervical, the anterior cervical, and the sub- 

 maxillary glands are given in Table 11. Only the e.xaminations remaining after 

 discarding for colds and acute infections have been used. The mean total 

 scores for all children were: 



Fed Control 



Group Group 



September score 77 77 



January score 89 79 



June score 87 77 



That is, the mean score for the controls was the same at the beginning and at 

 the end of the year, while that for the children who had received the feeding had 

 increased 10 points or 1.3 per cent. In January and in June, the mean scores for 

 the children receiving the mixture of milk and tomato were but 2 points higher 

 than for those given milk. This difference does not seem enough to be signifi- 

 cant. 



