tJ LIINEEALOGY. 



in r. liquid si ate, and, with such a degree of heat as 

 prevailed then, the water must have been in the vapor- 

 ous form. Some of the gases have been reduced to a 

 liquid and even a solid state by the combined influence 

 of cold and pressure, and some have been made liquid 

 by cold alone. 



3. Substances which are Not Mineral. Those sub- 

 stances are not considered mineral which have been pro- 

 duced by living agencies. They are of three kinds: 1. 

 Organized substances, or those which are found in the 

 structures of animals and vegetables. These are called 

 organized because they have organs in them, as sap-ves- 

 sels, blood-vessels, etc. Their mode of growth or in- 

 crease is different from that of minerals, for minerals in- 

 crease by additions wholly upon the outside, while or- 

 ganized substances grow at every point, internally as well 

 as externally, by tfie circulation in their organs. 2. Sub- 

 stances contained in living organs, being formed by them, 

 as starch, sugar, fats, etc. 3. Substances which come 

 from certain changes in those of the first and second 

 classes, as, for example," alcohol produced from sugar. 

 For a more full exposition of this subject I refer you to 

 Chapter XIX. of Part II. 



4. All Matter Once Mineral. There was a time when 

 there was no life on this earth of ours, and, therefore, all 

 the matter was mineral. This is indicated in the Mosaic 

 account of the creation, for vegetable and animal life 

 were introduced after certain preparations had been 

 made for them ; and what is thus indicated has been de- 

 monstrated to be true by the examination of the rocks 

 by geologists, as you will see hereafter. This lifeless 

 period occupied a long series of ages. All this time no 

 organic substances were formed, for life always presides 

 over their formation, using, indeed, such agencies as heat, 

 light, and chemical action, but directing and controlling 

 them. (Part IL, 509.) 



5. Life Introduced by the Creator. When the earth 



