CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER PAGE 



I. MINERAL SUBSTANCES 9 



II. CONSTRUCTION OF MINERALS 14 



III. CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS 23 



IV. SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS 33 



V. METALS AND THEIR ORES 39 



VI. OXY-SALTS 'AND HALOID SALTS 49 



VII. EARTHY MINERALS 56 



VIII. ROCKS 67 



IX. THE EARTH AS IT IS 79 



X. PRESENT CHANGES IN THE EARTH ( JO 



XI. CONSTRUCTION OF THE EARTH 123 



XII. RECORD OF LIFE IN THE ROCKS 160 



XIII. AZOIC AGE 181 



XIV. AGE OF MOLLUSKS 187 



XV. AGE OF FISHES 201 



XVI. AGE OF COAL 213 



XVII. AGE OF REPTILES 236 



XVin. AGE OF MAMMALS 261 



XIX. AGE OF MAN 30. r > 



XX. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS... 314 



