324 GEOLOGY. 



the amount of time necessary to transmute them into the 

 scutes, paddles, and lungs of a marine reptile ? Given 

 the scutes, membranous forearms, and stomach of a flying 

 reptile what the phases of change, and what the amount 

 of time required for their transformation into the feath- 

 ers, wings, and gizzard of a bird ? Or, given the four 

 hands, with partially opposable thumbs, the low facial 

 angle, and the jabbering, half-reasoning of a monkey 

 what the force of conditions, and what the term of time 

 for their development into the two-handed dexterity, the 

 erect aspect, and the eloquent ratiocinations of a philoso- 

 pher of the nineteenth century ?" 



There are many fundamental objections to this theory, 

 but this is not the place for a full notice of them. 



441. Creation of Man. Such writers as Darwin and 

 Huxley seem to think of creation as only a creation of 

 material forms, and do not indulge in the least the idea 

 of a spiritual creation. But, in truth, the grand event in 

 the successive creations of which "this earth has been the 

 scene is the creation of a living SOUL. Man is not a mere 

 congeries of living organs, endued with certain proper- 

 ties, but a spiritual existence connected with such a con- 

 geries. Now, that this soul was created as really as the 

 congeries of organs with which it is united appears from 

 two facts : 1. It has certain attributes which, as stated 

 in 423, show that it is to some extent different, not 

 merely in degree, but in kind, from the mind of brutes, 

 and therefore had an independent origin. Not only is 

 there no proof that the mind of man was generated from 

 the mind of a monkey, as claimed by Huxley, but there 

 is positive proof to the contrary in this radical differ- 

 ence. 2. This proof is enhanced by the fact that there 

 is no difference in brain that corresponds at all with this 

 mental difference. This utterly refutes the materialistic 

 doctrine that mind is a mere product of matter, and that 

 the differences of mind come from differences in material 

 organization ; for, if this were so, we should rightly ex- 



