66 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



useful for implements, articles of furniture, hoops and many minor 

 uses, besides supplying locally the very best of fuel Hickories, even 

 when very young, do not well bear transplantation, except perhaps 

 C. amara. C. alba and C. glabra would be particularly recom- 

 mendable for the sake of their timber, and C. olivif orniis on account 

 of its fruit. The bark of all the hickories contains yellow-dye prin- 

 ciples ; by addition of copperas an olive colour is produced ; by 

 addition of alum a green colour. Hickory stems are known to 

 attain 12 feet in girth. 



Carya sulcata, Nuttall.* 



The Furrowed-Hickory and Shelbark-Hickory of some districts ; 

 also Shagbark-Hickory. A tree, 80 feet high, in damp woods of 

 North America. Its rate of growth is about 18 inches in a year 

 while young. Heart-wood pale-coloured. Seed of sweet pleasant 

 taste. Wood similar to that of C. alba, but paler. 



Carya tomentosa, Nuttall.* 



The Mockernut-Tree or White-Heart-Hickory. North America, 

 extending to Canada, but not to California. A big tree. Likes 

 forest soil, not moist. Heart-wood pale-coloured, remarkable for 

 strength, elasticity, heaviness and durability, yet fissile ; used for 

 axles, spokes, felloes, handles, chairs, screws, sieves and the best of 

 mallets ; the saplings for hoops and wythes. Hickory is the most 

 heat-giving amongst all North American woods. Seeds very oily. 

 Nut small, but sweet. A variety produces nuts as large as a small 

 apple, which are called King-Nuts. 



Caryota urens, Linne. 



India. One of the hardier Palms, ascending, according to Dr. 

 Thomas Anderson, the Himalayas to an altitude of 5,000 feet, yet 

 even there attaining a considerable height, though the temperature 

 sinks in the cooler seasan to 40 Fahrenheit. Drude mentions that 

 species of this genus reach up to an elevation of 7,500 feet, where 

 the temperature occasionally approaches the freezing point. The 

 trunk furnishes a sago-like starch. This Palm flowers only at an 

 advanced age, and after having produced a succession of flowers dies 

 away. From the sap of the flowers toddy and palm-sugar are pre- 

 pared, as well as from the Cocos and Borassus Palm, occasionally 

 as much as 1 2 gallons of toddy being obtained from one tree in 

 a day. The fibre of the leaf-stalks can be manufactured into very 

 strong ropes, also into baskets, brushes and brooms. The outer 

 wood of the stem serves for turnery. 



Casimiroa edulis, Llav and Levarz. 



Mexico, up to the cool heights of 7,000 feet, bearing orange-like 

 fruits (Seemann). This tree comes into bearing in about ten years ; 



