

IN EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 69 



fuel for railway locomotives. The cost of rearing Casuarinas in 

 India lias been from 4 to 10, and the return after only eight 

 years 13 to 32. 



Casuarina Fraseriana, Miquel. 



South- West Australia. A middle-sized tree ; the wood easily 

 split into shingles. The best furniture wood of South- Western 

 Australia, as it does not rend. This tree is adapted even for sterile 

 heath-land. 



Casuarina glauca, Sieber. 



The Desert Sheoak, widely distributed through Australia, but 

 nowhere in forest-like masses. This species attains, in favourable 

 places, a height of 80 feet. Its hard durable wood is valuable ; 

 used for staves ( Woolls). Important for its rapid growth, resistance 

 to exposure for shelter plantation, and a speedy supply of fuel, 

 a remark which applies also to the following species. 



Casuarina quadrivalvis, Labillardiere. 



The Coast Sheoak of South-East Australia, but not merely living 

 in coast-sand, but also on barren places up to the hills inland. 

 Height to 60 feet. The male tree is very eligible for avenues, the 

 foliage of the species being drooping. Cattle are fond of the foliage. 

 For arresting the ingress of coast-sand by belts of timber this is 

 one of the most important trees. It produces, like other Casuarinas, 

 seeds early and copiously, and is easily raised. The foliage, like 

 that of the other species, acidulous from a crystallisable substance 

 allied to bicitrate of lime. 



Casuarina suberosa, Willdenow. 



The erect Sheoak of South-East Australia. Height to 40 feet. A 

 beautiful shady species. Casuarina trichodon (Miq.) and C. 

 Huegeliana (Miq.) are arboraceous species of South- West Australia, 

 all valuable for their wood. 



Casuarina torulosa, Aiton. 



New South Wales and Queensland. Attains a height of 70 feet. 

 The tough wood of this handsome tree is in demand for durable 

 shingles and furniture work, as well as for staves and veneers ; it 

 is also one of the best for oven fuel. 



Catalpa bignonioides, Walter.* 



On the Gulf of Mexico. A tree in a warm humid climate, of 

 remarkable celerity of growth, attaining a height of about 20 feet 

 in four years. Professor Meehan observed a tree to attain a stem 

 of 4 feet in diameter in twenty years, even in the clime of New 

 York. In many of the United States it is a favourite tree for 



