78 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



Renewed bark, obtained by covering with moss or matting the stem 

 where the bark was removed, according to Mr. M 'Ivor's method, 

 realized double the ordinary market price, and in C. succirubra even 

 more (Woodhouse). 



Cinchona cordifolia, Mutis.* 



Peru and New Granada on the Andes, at between 6,000 and 8,000 

 feet elevation, and, according to Mr. Willis Weaver, at Bogota 

 (probably under the shelter of forests) up to the frosty region of 

 9,500 feet. Provides the hard Cartagena Bark, or West Pitaya 

 Bark, one extremely rich in alkaloids. It is a species of robust 

 constitution, grows with rapidity and vigour. The thickest bark is 

 obtained in the highest altitudes, which by passing clouds are often 

 involved in misty humidity (Cross). 



Cinchona micrantha, Ruiz and Pavon. 



Cordilleras of Bolivia and Peru. This tree attains a height of 60 

 feet, and from it part of the Grey and Huanuco Bark, as well as 

 Lima Bark, are obtained. It is comparatively rich in cinchonin 

 and quinidin ; contains however also quinine. 



Cinchona nitida, Ruiz and Pavon. 



Andes of Peru and Ecuador. This tree rises to 80 feet under 

 favourable circumstances. It also yields Grey Bark and Huanuco 

 Bark, besides Loxa Bark. It will probably prove one of the 

 hardiest species. It contains predominantly cinchonin and quinidin. 



Cinchona officinalis, Linne (partly).* (Cinchona Condaminea, 



Humboldt). 



Andes of New Granada and Peru, at a height of 6,000 to 10,000 

 . feet. Yields Crown or Brown Peru Bark, besides part of Loxa 

 Bark. Comparatively rich in quinine and cinchonidin. The tem- 

 perature of the middle regions of the Andes, where this tree 

 grows, is almost the same as that of the Canary Islands. Super- 

 abundance of moisture is particularly pernicious to this species. 

 The Crispilla variety endures a temperature occasionally as low as 

 27 F. 



Cinchona lancifolia (Mutis) is considered by Weddell a variety of C. 

 officinalis. This grows on places where the mean annual tempera- 

 ture is that of Rome, with however less extremes of heat and 

 cold. It yields part of the Pitaya Bark. 



Cinchona Pitayensis must also be referred to C. officinalis as a variety. 

 This attains a height of 60 feet and furnishes also a portion of the 

 Pitaya Bark. It is this particular cinchona which in Upper India 

 yielded in some instances the unprecedented quantity of 1 1 per 

 cent, alkaloids, nearly 6 per cent, quinine, the rest quinidin and 



