82 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



Hymethus (Laura Redden). As prominent varieties of C. Auran- 

 tium may be distinguished : 



Citrus Bergamium, Risso. From the fruit-rind of this variety 

 Bergamotte oil is obtained, but also oil from the flowers. The 

 Mellarosa variety furnishes a superior oil and exquisite confitures. 



Citrus Bigaradia, Duhamel. The Bitter Orange. This furnishes 

 from its flowers the Neroli oil, so delicious and costly as as a scent. 

 It is stated that orange flowers to the value of <50 might be 

 gathered from the plants of an acre within a year. The rind of 

 the fruit is used for candied orange peel. Bitter principle : hes- 

 peridin in the rind, limonin in the seed. 



Citrus decumana, Linne. The Shaddock or Pompelmos. The fruit 

 will exceptionally attain a weight of 20 Ibs. The pulp and thick 

 rind can both be used for preserves. 



Citrus dulcis, Yolkamer. The Sweet Orange, of which many kinds 

 occur. The St. Michael Orange has been known to bear in the 

 Azores on sheltered places 20,000 fruits on one tree in a year. 

 Navel Oranges have been obtained up to 1 9 ozs. in weight at Rock- 

 hampton, other varieties up to 3 Ibs. (Thozet). Neroli oil obtained 

 from the flowers of this and allied varieties. The oil of orange- 

 peels might be used as a cheap and pleasant one for distilling with 

 it costly odorouS substances, 



Citrus nobilis, Loureiro. The Mandarin Orange. The thin peel 

 separates most readily from the deliciously-flavoured sweet pulp. 

 There are large and small fruited Mandarin oranges ; the Tangerine 

 variety is one of them. Some varieties are excellent for hedges, and 

 as such are much used in Japan. Burnt earth is valuable as an 

 admixture to soil in orangeries. 



Citrus Australasica, F. v. Mueller. 



Coast forests of Extra-tropical East Australia. A shrubby species, 

 with oblong or almost cylindrical fruits of lemon-like taste, measur- 

 ing 2 to 4 inches in length. They are thus very much larger than those 

 of Atalantia glauca of the coast and the desert interior of tropic 

 Australia, which are also of similar taste. These plants are 

 entered, together with the following, on this list merely to draw 

 attention to them as likely capable of improvement of their fruit 

 through culture. 



Citrus Japonica, Thunberg. 



The Kumquat of Japan. A shrubby Citrus with fruits of the size 

 of a gooseberry, from which on account of their sweet peel and 

 acid pulp an excellent preserve can be prepared. 



