IX EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 169 



Juglans Mandschurica, Maximowicz. 



Cornea and Mandschuria. This Walnut is allied to J. cinerea of 

 North America, Wood splendid for cabinet-work. The nuts 

 available as well for the table as for oil factories. 



Juglans nigra, Linne.* 



Black Walnut Tree. Attains a height of 80 feet ; trunk 6 feet in 

 diameter; found in rich forest-land in North America. Wood 

 most ornamental, purplish brown, turning dark with age, strong, tough, 

 not liable to warp nor to split ; not attacked by insects. Supplies 

 three-fourths of the material for hardwood furniture in the United 

 States (Sargent), and fetches there the highest price. Wood stored for 

 many years is. the best for gun-stocks, and used also for musical in- 

 struments. For the sake of its compactness, durability and its 

 susceptibility to high polish it is much sought for elegant furniture, 

 stair-rails and other select purposes. Seeds more oily than the 

 European Walnut. The tree extends in a slightly altered variety 

 to Bolivia and Argentina. 



Juglans regia, Linne.* 



The ordinary Walnut Tree of Europe, indigenous in Hungary 

 (Heuffel) and Greece (Heldreich), extending from the Black Sea to 

 Beluchistan and Burmah, and seemingly also occurring in North 

 China, preferentially in calcareous soil. It attains a height of fully 

 80 feet, and lives many centuries. Wood light and tough, much 

 sought for gun-stocks, the exterior of pianofortes, and the choicest fur- 

 niture. The shells of the nut yield a black pigment. Trees of select 

 quality of wood have been sold for 600, the wood being the most 

 valuable of middle Europe. In some departments of France a 

 rather large quantity of oil is pressed from the nuts, which, besides 

 serving as an article of diet, is used for the preparation of fine 

 colours. To obtain first-class fruit, the trees are grafted in France 

 (Michaux). An almost huskless variety occurs in the north of 

 China. Can be grown in cold localities, as it lives at 2,000 feet 

 elevation in Middle Europe. Nuts for distant transmission, to 

 arrive in a fit state for germination, are best packed in casks 

 between layers of dry moss. 



Juglans rupestris, Engelmann. 



From California to New Mexico, along the course of streams in rich 

 moist soil. A handsome symmetrical tree of utility, attaining a 

 height of 60 feet, 3 feet in diameter (Dr. Gibbons). 



Juglans Sieboldiana, Maximowicz. 



Throughout Japan, where it forms a large tree. 



