218 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



four months and is not injured by saline inundations. The hardier 

 Mountain Rice, which can be raised on comparatively dry ground 

 and which actually perishes under lengthened inundation, but which is 

 less productive. The Gl utinous Rice, which succeeds as well in wet as in 

 almost dry places and produces black or reddish grains. In the rich 

 plains of Lombardy, irrigated from the Alps, the average crop is 

 estimated at forty-eight bushels for the acre annually. According 

 to General Capron the average yield in Japan is fifty bushels per 

 acre. The spirit distilled from rice and molasses is known as 

 arrack. Rice-beer, known as " Sake," is extensively brewed in 

 Japan, and the principal beverage used by the inhabitants. Rice- 

 starch is now consumed in enormous quantities, particularly in 

 Britain. Rice-sugar, called " Ame" in Japan, constitutes there a 

 kind of confectionery. 



Osmanthus fragrans, Loureiro. 



China and Japan. The flowers of this bush serve for oil distilla- 

 tion like those of the Jasmine. The scent of one plant will perfume 

 a whole conservatory (G. W. Johnson). 



Osmitopsis asteriscoides, Cassini. 



South Africa. A camphor-scented shrub much in use there for 

 medicinal purposes (Dr. Pappe). 



Ostrya carpinifolia, Scopoli. 



South Europe and Orient. The Hop Hornbeam. A deciduous tree, 

 60 feet high. 



Ostrya Virginica, Willdenow. 



Lever-wood Tree of North America, also called Iron-wood, 40 feet 

 high, in rich woodlands. Wood singularly hard, close-grained, and 

 heavy, in use for levers, mallets, wedges and other implements for 

 mill-cogs, wheels, etc. Cattle browse on the foliage. The growth 

 of the tree is very slow. 



Osyris compressa, A. de Candolle. 



South Africa. One of the most valuable tans for finer leathers is 

 provided there by the leaves and young twigs of this shrub or 

 small tree. 



Oxalis crassicaulis, Zuccarini. 



Peru. This seems one of the best of those Wood Sorrels which 

 yield a tuberous edible root Amongst others, O. tuberosa (Mol.) 

 and O. succulenta (Barn.) from Chili, as well as O. carnosa (Mol.) 

 and O. conorrhiza (Jacq.) from Paraguay, might be tried for their 

 tubers. 



