IX EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 243 



Pinus Cilicica, Antoine and Kotschy. 



Cilician Silver Fir. Asia Minor. 4,000 to 6,500 feet above sea-- 

 level. A handsome tree of pyramidal growth, 160 feet high. 

 Quite hardy in climes like that of Yienna. The wood is very soft 

 and used extensively for the roofs of houses, as it does not warp. 



Pinus concolor, Engelmann. 



North- West America, at elevations of 8,000 to 9,000 feet. Tree 

 to 150 feet high; trunk to. 4 feet diameter. The wood is tough, 

 eligible for building purposes and other substantial work (Yasey). 



Pinus contorta, Douglas. (P. Bolandri, Parlatore.) 



On high damp ranges in California, attaining 50 feet in height, 

 also abundant on the mountains of Colorado, and very eligible for 

 clothing rocky hill-sides (Meehan). In California it forms dense 

 thickets along the coast, and is in this respect as valuable as P. 

 Laricio, P. Pinaster, and P. Haleppensis in Europe, as a shelter- 

 tree in stormy localities. Dr. Gibbons remarks of this pine which 

 vernacularly is called Tamarak or Hack-me-tack, that its size 

 has generally been understated. At the foot of the Sierra and 

 on mountains 8,000 feet high he saw great numbers of it, 

 forming the most stately of forest Pines, not rarely attaining 

 a height. of 150 feet and 4 feet in diameter. The timber is pale, 

 straight-grained and very light ; there considered the best and most 

 durable material for dams and for general building purposes. It 

 furnishes sea-ports with piles and masts, also railway ties. Its 

 value is beyond calculation (Gibbons). 



Pinus Coulteri, D. Don. 



California, on the eastern slope of the coast range, at an elevation 

 of 3,000 to 4,000 feet. A pine of quick growth, attaining a height 

 of about 100 feet, with a trunk up to 4 feet in diameter ; it has the 

 largest cones of all pines, comparable in size and form to sugar- 

 loaves. The nuts are nutritious (Yasey). 



Pinus densiflora, Siebold and Zuccarini. 



The " Akamatsou" of Japan, in the interior of Nipon, where it 

 forms, along with P. Massoiiiana, extensive forests at 1,000 to 

 2,000 feet above sea-level. Attains an age of several centuries 

 (Rein). The timber is excellent for building ; it is less resinous 

 than that of P. Massoniana (Dupont). 



Pinus Douglasii, Sabine.* 



Oregon Pine, called also the Yellow Pine of Puget Sound, where 

 it yields the principal timber for export, and is therefore of great 

 commercial value in the lumber-trade. It extends from Yan- 

 couver's Island and the Columbia River, 



