244 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



Northern Mexico, from the coast up to the higher mountains of 

 9,000 feet. The maximum height known is nearly 400 feet, the 

 greatest diameter of the stem 14 feet. Can be grown very closely, 

 when the stems will attain, according to Drs. Kellogg and New- 

 berry, a height of over 200 feet without a branch. A densely 

 wooded forest will contain about 36 full-grown trees to an acre. 

 The timber is fine and clear-grained, heavy, strong, soft, and easily 

 worked, firm, and solid, splendid for masts and spars, ships' planks 

 and piles ; also for flooring, being for that purpose regarded as 

 the best of California (Bolander). It will bear a tension of 3 to 1 

 as compared with the Sequoias. It is the strongest wood on the 

 the North Pacific coast, both in horizontal strain and perpendicular 

 pressure. Sub- Alpine localities should be extensively planted with 

 this famous tree. It requires deep and rich soil, but likes shelter ; 

 its growth is at the rate of the Larch ; it passes in various localities 

 as Black and Red Spruce. Both in clayey and light soil it attains 

 50 feet in about eighteen years ; it requires however a moist forest 

 clime for rapid growth. 



Finns edulis, Engelmann. 



New Mexico. A tree, not tall, but very resinous. Wood easily 

 split. One of the best for fuel (Meehan). It yields the " Pino" 

 nuts, of exceedingly nice taste and produced in immense quantities 

 (Sargent). 



Pinus Elliotti, Engelmann. 



Southern States of North America. A large forest-tree, 100 feet 

 high, of quick growth, adapted for exposed localities. Prefers the 

 borders of swamps or streams and sandy-clay (C. Mohr). 



Pinus excelsa, Wallich.* 



The Lofty or Bootan Pine. Himalaya, forming large forests, at 

 from 5,000 to 12,500 feet elevation ; also in Macedonia and Monte- 

 negro. A fine tree, 150 feet high, furnishing a valuable, close- 

 grained, resinous, soft and easily workable wood, ranking among 

 Himalayan Pine-woods for durability next to Deodar timber 

 (Stewart and Brandis). It also furnishes a good quantity of tur- 

 pentine. Under cultivation it shrinks before a fierce summer sun 

 (Beecher). 



Pinus firma, Antoine. 



North Japan, at 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the sea-level in humid 

 valleys. A lofty tree of the habit of the Silver Fir. The timber 

 is white, soft, and fine-grained, employed particularly by coopers 

 and upholsterers. 



