248 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



boring holes into it in spring ; these fill during the summer, sup- 

 plying from half to three-quarters of a pint of turpentine. In 

 Piedmont, where they tap the tree in different places and let the 

 liquid continually run, it is said that from seven to eight pints may 

 be obtained in a year, but the wood suffers through this operation. 

 P. L. var. Rossica, Russian Larch, grows principally on the Altai 

 Mountains, from 2,500 to 5,500 feet above sea-level ; it attains a 

 height of 80 feet. The species would be important for our upland 

 (particularly alpine) country. 



Pinus leiophylla, Schiede and Deppe. 



7,000 to 11,000 feet upon the mountains of Mexico. A tree 90 

 feet high. The wood is excessively hard. 



Pinus leptolepis, Siebold and Zuccarini. 



The Karamatson or Japan Larch. In Japan, between 35 and 48 

 north latitude, up to an elevation of 9,000 feet. Never a very tall 

 tree. The timber, when mature, reddish brown and soft ; it is 

 highly valued by the Japanese. 



Pinus longifolia, Roxburgh.* 



Emodi-Pine or Cheer-Pine. On the Himalaya Mountains, from 

 2 '000 to 9,000 feet. A handsome tree with a branchless stem 

 of 50 feet, the whole tree attaining a maximum height of somewhat 

 over 100 feet, the girth of the stem 12 feet. The wood is resinous, 

 and the red variety useful for building ; it yields a quantity of tar 

 and turpentine. The tree stands exposure and heat well. 

 According to W. J. Winter it endures an occasional shade tem- 

 perature of 118E. 



Pinus Massoniana, Lambert. (P. Sinensis, Lamb.) 



China and Japan. The most common of all trees in Japan, called 

 there the " Matz" or " Kouromatsou." It attains a stem diameter 

 of 6 feet, a height of 100 feet, and an age of several centuries. It 

 prefers sandy soil. Splendid for avenues (Rein.) It supplies a 

 resinous, tough, and durable wood, used for buildings and furni- 

 ture, but suitable only for indoor works. The roots, when burned 

 with the oil of Brassica Orientalis, furnish the Chinese Lampblack. 



Pinus Mertensiana, Bongard. 



Californian Hemlock Spruce. North- West America. The wood 

 is white, tough, and very soft, but is often used for building. The 

 tree is up to 200 feet high, with a stem of 4 to 6 feet in diameter. 



Pinus mitis, Michaux.* 



Yellow Pine of North America, called also Short-leaved Pine, in 

 contrast to P. Australis, extending far south. In dry sandy, and 



