254 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



Pinus rigida, Miller.* 



American pitch pine. From New England to Virginia. It grows 

 to a height of 80 feet ; the timber from light, gravelly or rocky soil 

 heavy and resinous, from damp alluvial soil light and soft ; used 

 for building ; but the tree is principally important for its yield of 

 turpentine, resin, pitch, and tar. The tree is suitable for sea- 

 shores ; it will also grow in the driest localities, and again in 

 swamps as well, nor is it readily susceptible to injury from fire. 

 With P. Taeda among the most oleous and resinous pines, to be 

 disseminated millionfold in such extensive malarian regions as can- 

 not be readily or profitably drained, to subdue miasmata by the 

 copious evolution of the double oxyde of hydrogen and ozone. 



Pinus Sabiniana, Douglas.* 



Californian Nut Pine or White Pine. Most frequent on the western 

 slopes of the Rocky Mountains, intermixed with other trees ; 150 

 feet high, stem 3 to 5 feet in diameter. The wood is pale and soft ; 

 according to Dr. Gibbons it is, when seasoned, hard and durable, 

 with close and twisted grain, and contains much resin; the clustered 

 heavy cones attain a length of one foot. The seeds are edible. 

 They are produced in great profusion, and formed formerly a large 

 portion of the winter food of the native tribes. Proves in dry 

 localities of Victoria to be of quick growth. 



Pinus serotina, Michaux. 



Pond Pine. Southern States of North America, in black morassy 

 soil, "principally near the sea-coast. It is 50 feet high ; stem 18 

 inches in diameter. The wood is soft. Of importance as antima- 

 larian for fever-swamps. 



Pinus Sibirica, Turczaninow. (P. Pickta, Fischer.) 



Siberian Pitch .Fir. On the Altai Mountains j it reaches a height 

 of 50 feet. 



Pinus silvestris, Linne.* 



Scotch Fir, Foehre. Middle and Northern Europe, up to 70 north 

 latitude, and North Asia, thriving best in sandy soil. Of all trees 

 the one which needs the least of mineral aliment from the soil, 

 hence adapted for pure sand, where it forms twice as much humus 

 in the same time as Robinia pseudacacia or Poplars, while its wood 

 is much more valuable. More easily transplanted than any other 

 species (Wesseley). A very valuable tree, fully 100 feet high, 

 growing to the age of about 120 years. It is important for masts 

 and spars. The Red Baltic, Norway or Riga deals are obtained 

 from this Pine, as well as a large portion of the European Pine-tar. 

 Pine cones have in France come into use for tanning. Proves well 



