IX EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 



283 



evergreen species. Likes a coast-climate and a soil rich in mould. 

 To Sixty feet high, with a stem of sometimes 9 feet in diameter., 

 Supplies a most valuable timber for ship-building ; it is heavy, 

 compact, fine-grained ; it is moreover the strongest and most 

 durable of all American Oaks. Like Q. obtusiloba (Mich.), it 

 lives also on sea-shores, helping to bind the sand, but it is then not 

 of tall stature. Of many of the three hundred Oaks of both the 

 western and eastern portions of the northern hemisphere, the 

 properties remain unrecorded and perhaps unexamined; but it 

 would be important to introduce as many kinds as possible for local 

 test-growth. The acorns, when packed in dry moss, retain their 

 vitality for some months. The species with deciduous foliage are 

 not desirable for massive ornamental planting in the warmer parts 

 of the temperate zone, because they shed their dead leaves tardily 

 during the very time of the greatest verdure of other vegetation. 



Quillaja saponaria, Molina. 



Chili. A colossal tree. The bark 

 valuable for dressing wool and silk. 



is rich in saponin, and thus 



Eafnia amplexicaulis, Thunberg. 



South Africa. The root of this bush is sweet like liquorice, and is 

 administered in medicine. Rafnia perfoliata (E. Meyer), also from 

 South Africa, furnishes likewise a medicinal root. 



Kaphanus sativus, Linne. 



South Asia, up to 16,000 feet in the Himalayas, eastward to Japan. 

 The Radish. K caudatus (L.), the Radish with long edible pods, 

 is regarded by Dr. Th. Anderson as a mere variety, and he thinks 

 that all are sprung from the ordinary R. Raphanistrum (L.) of 

 Europe. All Radishes succeed best in a calcareous soil, or aided 

 by manure rich in lime. The root of the Black Radish is compara- 

 tively rich in starch. 



Remirea maritima, Aublet. 



Intra-tropical coast regions around the globe. A perennial creeping 

 sedge for binding sand. 



Reseda Luteola, Linne. 



The Weld. Middle and South Europe, Middle Asia, North Africa. 

 A herb of one or two years' duration. Likes calcareous soil. A 

 yellow dye (luteolin) pervades the whole plant. The plant must be 

 cut before the fruit commences to develop otherwise the pigment 

 will much diminish. 



