IN EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 301 



Salix cor data, Muehlenberg. 



One of the Osiers of North America. 



Salix daphnoides, Villars. 



Middle Europe and Northern Asia, as far as the Amoor, ascending 

 to 15,000 feet in the Himalayas. A tree of 60 feet in height, of 

 rapidity of growth, attaining 12 feet in four years. It is much 

 chosen to fix the ground at railway embankments, on sandy 

 ridges and slopes, for which purposes its long-spreading and strong 

 roots render it particularly fit. The twigs can be used for baskets, 

 wicker-work, and twig-bridges (Stewart and Brandis). The variety 

 pruinosa is regarded by Dr. Sender to be as valuable as the 

 Bedford- Willow. The foliage furnishes cattle fodder. The tree is 

 comparatively rich in salicin, like S. pentandra (L.) and the 

 following. 



Salix fragilis, Linne. 



The Crack- Willow. Indigenous in South- Western Asia. Height 

 90 feet, stem to 20 feet in girth. According to Scaling next to S. 

 alba the best of the European timber- willows, but the wood not 

 quite so tough and the tree requiring more space for growth. A 

 variety of this species is the Bedford Willow, also called Leicester 

 Willow. Salix Russelliana (Smith), which yields a light, elastic, 

 tough timber, more tannin in its bark than oak, and more salicin (a 

 substitute for quinine and most valuable as an anti-rheumatic 

 remedy) than most congeners. According to Sir H. Davy the 

 young layers of the bark contain 1 6 per cent, tannin, the whole 

 bark only about 7 per cent. One of the dwarf American Willows, 

 perhaps S. tristis (Aiton), has been traced on the coast-sands of 

 California to send out root-like stems up to 120 feet in length. 



Salix Humboldtiana, Wildenow. 



Through a great part of South America, southward as far as 

 Patagonia, there furnishing building timber for inside structures. 

 This Willow is of pyramidal habit, attains a height of 50 feet and 

 more. The wood is much in use for yokes and other implements. 

 Many kinds of Willow can be grown for consolidating shifting sand 

 ridges. 



Salix lucida, Muehlenberg. 



One of the Osiers of North America. 



Salix nigra, Marshall. (S. Purshiana, Sprengel.) 



The Black Willow of North America. It attains a height of 30 

 feet. The Black Willow is one used for basket-work, although it 

 is surpassed in excellence by some other species, and is more important 



